Increasing the value of windstorm damaged forest: combining restoration practices and agroforestry

After stand-replacing windstorm salvage logging is the most common practice for recovering economic losses in managed forests and for reducing the risk of subsequent disturbances (e.g. bark beetle outbreaks). To restore forest cover timely after these interventions is therefore necessary, in order to limit the reduction of forest ecosystem services (ES) provision. In the first years following the disturbance and subsequent interventions, there is a need to monitor natural regeneration dynamics in damaged areas, in order to implement active restoration activities if necessary. In this study, we analyze the natural regeneration dynamics in 148 areas damaged by storm Vaia (2018) and salvage logged with different techniques in Northeast of Italy. Results show that regeneration species composition is driven mainly by previous stand composition, with some exceptions depending on seed dispersal strategy. Distance from the edge significantly influences the regeneration occurrence in large gaps and affects the browsing damage percentage, together with deadwood presence. Moreover, site factors, disturbance legacies, and logging methods reveal to be key points to consider in the post-disturbance management strategies definition. To reduce economic losses and exploit the windthrown areas in the short-term, it is possible to integrate reforestation with agroforestry practices (e.g. berries and honey production). This is the framework of the LIFE VAIA project, which aims to integrate innovative local agroforestry practices with artificial regeneration to restore forest cover, increasing the value of forest ecosystems and the ecological and socio-economical resilience of damaged forest ecosystems under future climate changes.