Coastal exposure and adaptability under the sea-level rise in coastal cities: a case study in Mumbai, India

Coastal cities and settlements play a key role in moving toward higher climate resilient development. But as urbanization trends in exposed areas continue, this will exacerbate the associated flood risk affecting climate change, including sea level rise. Understanding future sea level rise and future urban growth is essential for urban adaptation to flood risk. Here, we combined a future land use simulation (GeoSOS) model and floodplain inundation model (LISFLOOD-FP) to simulate and evaluate the impacts of future socioeconomic development scenarios under different representative concentration pathways and proposed possible adaptations measures for the coastal city Mumbai, India. The results showed that flood inundation under different scenarios showed differences. Our results confirm that sea level rise will significantly affect the coastal Mumbai urban area.