Drought atlas of India, 1901-2022

India has been considerably affected by droughts during 1901-2022. Droughts mainly occur during the summer monsoon season due to a lack of rainfall. Meteorological droughts triggered during the monsoon season propagate to hydrological and agricultural droughts. Despite the considerable impacts of droughts on agriculture and water resources, datasets to examine droughts and their consequences have been limited. Considering the need for climate change adaptation, it is essential to understand the observed droughts and their impacts. In addition, mapping of drought risk is needed to focus on the regions that need immediate attention. We use long-term observations of precipitation and temperature to reconstruct meteorological drought. We used a hydrological model to simulate runoff and soil moisture to examine hydrological and agricultural droughts. We developed a drought atlas that can provide comprehensive information on drought occurrence, impacts, and risks in India, which can be used for policy and decision-making.