Methane on Mars: Correlation of geomorphological features with current methane emissions

This research deals with the detailed study of some global-scale geomorphological structures on Mars to identify possible current or fossil methane emission points. For years, attempts have been made to understand the mechanism that led to the formation of methane on Mars and how it may have been stored to date in subsurface reservoirs. From the data recently received from satellites (Tracer Gas Orbiter on board of ExoMars, Planetary Fourier Spectrometer on Mars Express) and rovers (Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity in Gale crater) on Mars, it is possible to infer that the methane on Mars is gradually emitted into the atmosphere and most of the times is detected by these instruments. Thanks to these dataset of methane emissions during the years (since 2004 with the PFS first detections) it is possible to trace the possible points in which the upper limit concentration of methane are equal to or greater than 10 p.b.b.v. so as to select a few areas where to begin the geomorphological and mineralogical analyses for this research in order to create a global map of possible areas where current methane emissions from subsurface methane reservoirs may be recorded. For this study the focus will be on hectometric to kilometric mounds of volcanic or sedimentary origin (mud volcanoes and/or pingos like structures), chaotic terrains and fracture fields in sedimentary piles. The areas selected for this research are Coprates and Candor Chasma (Valles Marineris, Mars), Nili Fossae (Mars), Vernal crater and the surrounding of Arabia Terra (Mars) and Gale crater (Mars). All of these locations have key characteristics such as proximity to a boundary zone (Gale crater), the presence of a fracture system (Nili Fossae), presence of mud volcanoes or pingoes (Valles Marineris and Utopia Planitia): all possible incentives for the presence of methane emission spots. The aim of this project, as already mentioned, will therefore be to analyse these areas in detail, trying to understand whether they could be or have been methane emission points, with the help of the planetary analogues that can be found in Azerbaijan regarding mud volcanoes, in Canada for pingos or fracture systems in China.