Surface waves can much improve ocean to climate models

As the time and spatial scales of surface waves are several seconds and hundreds meters, which are much smaller than those of ocean circulation and climate, months and thousands kilometers or even bigger. As a result, ocean surface wave models are separated from ocean circulation models and climate models as different streams. During the past 2 decades, we find that surface waves play dominant role in the vertical mixing of the upper ocean, and heavily modulate the air-sea momentum and heat fluxes. (1) By including surface waves into ocean general circulation models (OGCMs), the ever-standing simulated shallow mixed layer and over-estimated sea surface temperature (SST) especially in summer faced by nearly all OGCMs are dramatically reduced, 80-90% common errors can be removed from OGCMs; (2) Although the forecasting error of Tropical Cyclone (TC) track is reduced by about half during the past 3 decades, the forecasting of TC intensity has no much progress. By including surface waves, the TC intensity error is reduced by about 40%; (3) SST is a crucial parameter in climate system. All climate models have huge SST simulation bias which has last for half century. By including surface wave, the SST bias can be reduced by about half. All above suggests that surface waves should be included in ocean, TC and climate models for improving our forecasting ability on ocean, TC and climate.