Multi-physical controls on gas content in sediments of lake Kinneret, Israel, evaluated by acoustic applications

Gassy aquatic sediments are abundant over the world. Multiannual CH₄ gas content in shallow sediments of Lake Kinneret, Israel, was evaluated by acoustic applications. Experiments were conducted mainly over the intermediate-deep parts of the lake. Low-to-moderate frequencies wideband acoustic signal was emitted, when sound speed indicating a gas content, was evaluated based on the reflection coefficient. Both frequency dependence of  reflection coefficient and backscattering were analyzed.. The effect of the following factors affecting the dynamics of CH₄ bubbles in aquatic sediments in the lake Kinneret, was investigated statistically: (1) Organic matter flux to sediment controlling CH4 production; (2) Its timing relatively to the date of the acoustic measurements, controlling CH4 bubbles dissolution; (3) Water depth affecting CH4 solubility, mechanical sediment properties, and ebullition from the sediment. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the organic matter supply to the lake sediments due to the crash of phytoplankton bloom in the lake, acts as a major control on the sediment gas content over the multi-annual period. The gas content is least sensitive to water depth, explained probably by the uniform organic matter deposition flux to the medium-deep parts of the lake, from where the ebullitions is unfeasible. [the work is supported by BSF grant 2018150].