Effects of large-scale layering and small-scale mineral fabric on the seismic anisotropy of Ivrea-type lower continental crust

Most information on the P-wave seismic velocity of the lower continental is based on controlled-source wide-angle seismic experiments, for which the direction of wave propagation in the target region is largely horizontal. Following the common practice of interpreting such data in an isotropic framework, too high P-wave velocities would therefore be inferred in an anisotropic lower continental crust, for which the long axis of the anisotropy ellipsoid is roughly aligned with the horizontal direction. This, in turn, would result in a bias of the interpretation of the lower crustal bulk composition towards the mafic side and potentially also lead to incorrect estimations of crustal thickness. Anisotropy of this type can arise from the small-scale sub-horizontal alignment of anisotropic minerals and/or from large-scale sub-horizontal layering. To assess the likely importance of lower crustal anisotropy in general and the respective contributions of mineral fabric and layering in particular in Ivrea-type lower continental crust, we analyze a range of layered canonical models. The individual layers are parameterized based on published laboratory measurements of seismic velocities from pertinent rock samples. Our preliminary results indicate that anisotropy related to the mineralogical composition and fabric prevails over the corresponding effects of layering. For the considered canonical models, these effects are particularly prominent in the presence of metapelitic rocks, where a petrological interpretation of the inferred average horizontal P-wave velocity could indeed lead to a notable overestimation of the mafic component. Conversely, our initial results also indicate that in the absence of metapelitic rocks, the anisotropy-induced velocity bias may be sufficiently benign to allow for a reasonably reliable interpretation of the bulk composition of the lower continental crust based on the P-wave velocity inferred from wide-angle seismic data.