Fully coupled heat transport modelling in porous media considering transfer between phases

Accurate prediction of heat transport in porous media is important for understanding geoscience processes and properties and to design applications, for example geothermal energy systems. While heat transport is generally modelled assuming of local thermal equilibrium (LTE), i.e., instantaneous heat transfer between the fluid and solid phases, previous studies have demonstrated presence of local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE), i.e., delayed heat transfer, in natural porous materials. However, factors that influence the rate of heat transfer between the phases and their significance for inherently heterogeneous natural systems remain unknown and untested. We develop an open-source fully coupled, finite-element application to numerically simulate heat transfer between the fluid and solid phases. This is based on the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) and allows massively parallel modelling of heat transport including customized transfer rates. We verify our model using an analytical solution considering LTNE and illustrate several applications. The model can be used to investigate processes that affect heat transport such as heat transfer mechanisms and their dependence on different hydrogeological conditions.