Viniculture has a long tradition in southern Europe and is an important socioeconomic sector in many countries. Temperate climates allow for this activity, as moderate temperatures and precipitation are key to the proper phenological development of grape vines. However, the onset of climate change has led to increasingly higher temperatures and changing precipitation regimes during the growing season in the last decades. According to the latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a continuation of the observed changes is expected in the coming decades, independently of the radiative forcing scenarios that are considered. Wine quality has already been affected in some regions, but the long-term sustainability of wine growing itself is now in question. To better understand what the future could look like, the bioclimatic suitability of Portugal, Spain, France, and Italy for twelve Portuguese grape varieties was modeled using the R BIOMOD2 platform. Ensemble correlative models were made using the current locations of the grape varieties in Portugal and the bioclimatic indexes "Huglin Index", "Cool Night Index", "Growing Season Precipitation Index", and "Temperature Range during Ripening Index" as predictive variables. The indices were calculated with Copernicus’s E-OBS dataset for the recent past (1989-2005) and the EURO-CORDEX datasets for the future (2051-2080), considering the Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5. The models obtained high scores in the evaluation of their predictive performance (ROC > 0.9) and allowed for the identification of the most suitable regions for the different grape varieties across the study area. A clear shift in bioclimatic suitability towards the north was observed, namely towards the north of Spain and France, and in some cases, also towards regions with higher elevation. These shifts were mainly due to the projected overall rise in thermal accumulation and lower precipitation in the southern regions, which is corroborated by the evaluation of the contribution of each of the indexes to the models. Thus, the long-term sustainability of the wine industry in Europe will most likely require measures of adaptation that mitigate the effects caused by the change in these two atmospheric factors.

How to cite: Adão, F., C. Campos, J., A. Santos, J., C. Malheiro, A., and Fraga, H.: Impact of climate change on the bioclimatic suitability of different Portuguese grape varieties in Europe, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-1122, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-1122, 2023.

Terroir is a complex concept aiming to express "collective knowledge of the interactions" between the environment and the vines mediated through human action and "providing distinctive characteristics" to the final product (OIV 2010).

The popular press often treats and communicates it without a proper understanding of the mechanistic relationships between the wine characteristics and the site. These relationships are primarily rooted in the physical environment, particularly in the interactions between the soil-plant and atmosphere system, affecting grapevine physiology, grape composition, and wine (the terroir expression).

Terroir studying and mapping are based on viticultural zoning procedures, realized with different levels of know-how at different spatial and temporal scales, empiricism, and complexity in the description of involved bio-physical processes, integrating or not the multidisciplinary nature of the terroir. The scientific understanding of the mechanisms ruling vineyard variability and the quality of grapes is one of the most important scientific focuses of terroir research. This knowledge can support the analysis of climate change impacts on terroir resilience, the identification of new promise land for viticulture, and drive vineyard management toward a target oenological goal.

In this context, the contribution of biogeosciences is fundamental to producing more accurate and reliable approaches to studying and analysing terroir.

This contribution will show an overview of the current approaches and applied technologies in terroir studies, with special attention to the identification of terroir zones.

How to cite: Bonfante, A.: Biogeosciences and terroir analysis, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-5597, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-5597, 2023.

Soil water content (SWC) and temperature (ST) are key parameters in farmland, but are difficult to predict. Under no-tillage (three mowing passes per year) and homogeneous ground (permanent cover of resident vegetation), soil (no significant difference within each soil layer) and topographic (steep and straight slope near the divide) conditions, this study quantified the index of temporal stability (ITS) of the soil hydro-thermic response in a rainfed organic vineyard with humid climate –in Galicia, NW Spain– and two cultivars (Agudelo –Ag– and Blanco Legítimo –BL–). By using 12 capacitance-based technology probes (six per cultivar: 3 per row (R) and 3 per inter-row area (IR)), SWC and ST were measured every 15 min at 5, 15 and 25 cm depth over the crop cycle (242 days). On average, wetter and cooler values appeared in Ag than in BL that may be associated with differences in vine water demand. IR had wetter and cooler conditions than R due to higher water consumption by vines. Time-series analysis was split into three periods: Drying and warming (spring), dry and warm (summer), and wetting and cooling (autumn). The vertical analysis of the relative differences (soil layers) showed that the lowest values of ITS_V appeared at 15 cm in all cases for ST, regardless the hydro-thermic periods, vine varieties and field zones, and also at 15 cm for SWC, especially in R over the three periods, and during spring and autumn in IR. The prevailing conditions observed at this layer were the representative conditions of the field during the crop cycle. Conversely, the less representative conditions of the hydro-thermic status of the soil were those obtained in the upper-most layer in all cases of ST and almost all cases of SWC. At 25 cm, the representativeness of SWC and ST was intermediate, but the most representative conditions of SWC appeared at 25 cm during the summer. The horizontal analysis of the relative differences (zones and cultivars) revealed that the values of ITS_H showed a homogeneous pattern of soil moisture: R always had more representative values of SWC than IR in the three layers and during the three periods. Regarding ST, the pattern was more variable and R only had more representative values than IR at 15 cm in summer and at 25 cm in spring and summer. The behaviour of SWC and ST differed in terms of temporal stability and spatial representativeness. When the varieties were analysed, BL had more representative values of SWC than Ag, but Ag always had more representative values of ST than BL. These findings explained the low correlation between ITS_H-SWC and ITS_H-ST. For the first time, ITS was calculated for SWC and ST in a woody crop. These findings prove the complex and distinct spatial and temporal dynamic of SWC and ST in a commercial vineyard, even under homogeneous physiographic conditions, and support the necessity of implementing precision farming practices based on soil water and temperature management.

How to cite: da Silva-Dias, R., López-Vicente, M., Pereira-Rodríguez, L., Raposo-Díaz, X., Wu, G.-L., and Paz-González, A.: Stability of soil moisture and temperature in a rainfed organic vineyard with two cultivars and permanent ground cover of resident vegetation under temperate oceanic climate, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-5150, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-5150, 2023.

Climate change will exacerbate drought events in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for viticulture. In viticulture, the terroir governs the hydraulic behavior of the vine. The terroir is defined as the interactions between climate, soil, plant material (vine and rootstock varieties) and human management practices. The knowledge on grapevine drought stress physiology has increased significantly in recent years, but a holistic comprehension on how soil-plant hydraulic resistances develop and are regulated remains poorly understood. In particular, how different soil-rootstock combinations and their plasticity affect the vine hydraulic condition is still an open question.

The objective of this study is to understand the hydraulics of the soil-plant system in grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay) in situ, for different soil-rootstock combinations in a temperate oceanic climate, and to investigate its influence on vine water status.

The concomitant and automatic monitoring of soil and collar water potentials, as well as sap flow, made it possible to characterize the evolution of the soil-vine hydraulics in situ in real-time, with hourly measurements for two months. In order to investigate the impact of the soil-rootstock combination, two Belgian vineyards with the same variety (cv. Chardonnay) were selected due to their intra-field heterogeneity of soil physico-chemical properties (two study areas per vineyard). The vines of the first vineyard are grafted on the rootstock 3309C and planted on sandy or loamy soils. Those of the second vineyard are associated to the rootstock 101-14Mgt and grow on loamy or silty-clay soils. In each vineyard the soil is therefore the only variable factor, for which hydraulic properties were measured to a depth of 2 m.

The measurements were collected between mid-July and mid-September, during a period of exceptional drought in Belgium leading to soil water-limited conditions (rainfall anomaly of -153,8 mm and -148,4 mm in the first and second vineyard respectively over this period). The mean soil-plant conductances observed over the season were respectively 0,54.10^-5 cm.s^-1.MPa^-1 and 2,18.10^-5 cm.s^-1.MPa^-1 in the sandy and loamy areas of the first vineyard, and 1,79.10^-5 cm.s^-1.MPa^-1 and 2,97.10^-5 cm.s^-1.MPa^-1 in the silty-clay and loamy areas of the second vineyard. Despite this extreme drought, the minimum observed stem water potential (Ψ_stem) was -1,47 MPa (sandy study area of the first vineyard). This is in line with other studies that have shown in situ vines typically work within a safe range of water potentials (Ψ_stem > -1,5 MPa) that do not lead to cavitation or turgor loss. These first observations validate the hypothesis that the increase of belowground hydraulic resistance triggers stomatal closure of vine.

How to cite: Delval, L., Jonard, F., and Javaux, M.: Belowground hydraulic resistance generates stomatal closure of grapevine in soil water-limited conditions, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-5079, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-5079, 2023.

In the Mediterranean region, climate models forecast an increase in temperature and irregularities in the precipitation patterns which are a challenge for viticulture. The number, type, intensity and duration of stressors induce specific morpho-physiological responses which are cultivar-specific and are reflected on grape yield and quality. A major challenge for vines in southern Mediterranean area is to invest resources to construct leaves capable of efficiently converting carbon into biomass, while controlling evapotranspiration losses, as well as maintaining a balance between vegetative growth and reproduction. Plants have to harmonize structure and function to achieve efficient physiological processes and use of resources. Although it is not clear whether plant anatomical structure is the bottleneck for efficient functioning or vice versa, it is recognized that tissue growth and photosynthesis cannot be decoupled. Therefore, the knowledge of the plasticity in the coordination between morpho-anatomical and eco-physiological traits in vines is needed to forecast how vineyards would respond to climate changes. Moreover, the impact of climate change depends on pedo-climatic spatial variability, and it can be either buffered or intensified by vineyard management.

Within this framework, the aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of two types of canopy management (double guyot and double guyot flipped) and three treatments of soil management (cover crops, natural coverage, and soil tillage) on the coordination of morpho-anatomical and eco-physiological traits in the grapevine cultivar 'Greco' (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera), autochthonous and widely cultivated in the Campania Region (southern Italy). The field trials were conducted at the Feudi di San Gregorio winery premises in southern Italy, within the GREASE project, funded by the Campania Region through the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020, with the general goal of improving grapevine productivity and resilience for the sustainable management of vineyards.

The status of vines was monitored over three years by applying a multidisciplinary approach allowing the analysis of vines behavior at the single plant- and whole-vineyard levels. Indeed, the growth and the eco-physiological traits of vines were monitored by measuring biometrical parameters, leaf gas-exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence emission, and leaf water potentials. Leaves were also sampled to quantify carbon stable isotopes as well as functional anatomical parameters (e.g. parenchyma, stomata and vein traits) linked to the efficiency of gas-exchanges and water flow. Proximal sensing techniques were applied to monitor the whole vineyard performances. The meteorological data and soil water content were collected through weather stations and time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technique.

The overall analysis of results showed that the effect of different canopy and soil management is strongly mediated by inter-and intra-annual variability of climatic factors. From a methodological point of view, the multidisciplinary approach proved to be fundamental to go in-depth in the cause-effect relations and mechanisms for vines acclimation. Only a deep understanding of such acclimation mechanisms can furnish the keys to optimize the utilization of the information collected through the novel proximal technologies, for the design of vineyard management strategies to improve yield and quality still assuring environmental sustainability.

How to cite: De Micco, V., Bonfante, A., Arena, C., Battipaglia, G., Petracca, F., Amitrano, C., Vitale, E., Altieri, S., Erbaggio, A., Sirch, P., and Cirillo, C.: Multi-scale and multi-disciplinary approach to evaluate the mechanisms for leaf morpho-anatomical and eco-physiological acclimation of Greco grapevine under different canopy and soil management within the Italian GREASE project, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-4431, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4431, 2023.

Climate change, causing increasing warming and drought in Mediterranean area, is year by year determining grapevine yield and berry quality reductions, with particular extent in some of the autochthonous grape varieties, as Greco grapevine, cultivated in the Campania Region (southern Italy) and used alone or blend in many quality label wines. Since pedo-climatic conditions affect vineyard productivity and grape quality, the adoption of adequate cultivation techniques, such as soil and canopy management, can support vineyard in counteracting climate change effects, improving grape yield and berry quality, thus allowing to obtain highly valuable wines. The evaluation of the Greco grapes quality by the analysis of primary metabolites of the grape and the secondary ones, with an oenological impact responsible for the organoleptic quality and the longevity of the white wines, is pivotal for understanding whether the adopted cultivation practices might mitigate the negative effects deriving from long-lasting exposure of grapes to drought and/or rainy periods which may determine the onset of organoleptic defects in the wines.

In the framework of the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020, Campania Region funded the Grease project to contribute to the main topic of improving grapevine productivity, resource use efficiency and resilience for the sustainable management of vineyards.

Within the general objective of the Grease project, the aim of this study was to evaluate how different combinations of main cultivation practices, as vine canopy and soil management, can allow to exert a balanced  vegetative and reproductive growth that enhances grape and wine quality, improving farm profitability.

The three-year trial was carried out in a Greco experimental vineyard of Feudi di San Gregorio winery in southern Italy (Avellino, Campania region), aiming to analyze the effects of three soil management practices (cover crops, natural coverage, and soil tillage) and two vine training systems (double guyot and double guyot flipped) on yield, berry and must quality in three vintages.  The meteorological data and soil water content were collected through weather stations and time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technique.

At harvest yield components were determined and berry quality was evaluated by measuring soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, malic acid, phenolics, assimilable nitrogen etc. Apart usual chemical analytical methodologies, spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were used to determine phenolic composition of grapes and wines. Microvinifications were also performed to evaluate the variability of oenological traits under different combination of soil and canopy management.

A great effect of year on primary and secondary metabolites were detected. Soluble solids and total phenolic compounds increased passing from 2020, 2021 and 2023 while a clear trend for titratable acidity and pH was not observed due to a wide variation in malic acid content.  Among soil management practices natural coverage and cover crops resulted in grapes with lower content of soluble solids while the soil tillage determined a lower content of phenolic compounds and hydroxycinnamic acids in grapes. In two years, soil tillage determined higher content of assimilable nitrogen in grapes probably because a lower competition for nitrogen occurred. Trends observed in grapes were confirmed in wines.

How to cite: Cirillo, C., Gambuti, A., Forino, M., Bonfante, A., Petracca, F., Erbaggio, A., Pagano, L., and De Micco, V.: Counteracting climate change effects on Greco grapevine in the Grease project: soil and canopy management to balance resource use efficiency and wine quality, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-11177, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-11177, 2023.

This study evaluates the soil moisture response time to rainfall of a small vineyard with two varieties of grapes (Blanco legítimo –BL–, and Agudelo –Ag–) and a permanent ground cover of resident vegetation with numerous plant species (n > 12). No tillage was done and weed control included three mowing passes. The soil –Umbrisol–, is shallow (35 cm depth), stony (36.1% weight of rocks), rich in organic matter (7.2%) –specially in the topsoil (10.0%)– and no difference was observed throughout the field. The study area is located in the municipality of Betanzos (43° 15' 56.20" N; 8° 12' 1.32" W), A Coruña, Spain; under a temperate oceanic climate. The time of response between each precipitation peak and its corresponding peak of soil moisture was calculated for a 242-day period (26^th February – 25^th October 2021), covering the whole crop cycle. The determined parameters were: (I) volumetric water content (ΔS, %), (II) the peak to peak time (TP2P, min), and (III) the initial response time (Ti, min). A weather station was installed in the field, along with 12 capacitance-based technology soil moisture sensors, 6 in the rows (R) and 6 in the inter-row areas (IR) for the two cultivars. Each probe measured at 5, 15 and 25 cm depth, every 15 minutes. During the study period, a total number of 118 rainfall events were recorded, observing a clear response in 96, 82 and 75 events at 5, 15 and 25 cm depth. No response was observed in 22 events of low rainfall. To refine the analysis, three hydro-thermic periods were identified: Drying and warming (spring), dry and warm (summer), and wetting and cooling (autumn). In the events of longer duration, no defined patterns were observed in responses to moisture between the three layers, but differences were observed in response to rainfall at the depth of 25 cm. In rainfall events of short duration (15-30 min), the pattern in response to soil moisture at 5 and 15 cm was similar in the 3 parameters (ΔS, P2P and Ti). With respect to the minimum values, there was a rise of moisture within the profile, specifically, in R and an interspersed pattern in IR. For the maximum values, there was a descending pattern within the profile regardless the zone or variety with the exception of Ag in IR. In Ag cultivars, both variety and zone were affected by depth, with the lowest correlation at 5 cm. However, in BL cultivars the correlations did not vary clearly between depths or zones. In response to rainfall, the highest correlations were observed at 25 cm and the lowest at 5 cm for variety and zone. On average, Ti was 67, 127 and 160 min at 5, 15 and 25 cm, and P2P was 228, 344 and 378 min at 5, 15 and 25 cm depth. The hydro-thermic periods as well as the intensity and duration of the precipitation events clearly modulated the moisture response to rainfall in the studied soil.

How to cite: Raposo-Díaz, X., da Silva-Dias, R., López-Vicente, M., Pereira-Rodríguez, L., García-Tomillo, A., and Paz-González, A.: Seasonal soil moisture response time to rainfall in a rainfed organic vineyard with permanent ground cover under temperate climate, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-9176, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-9176, 2023.

Climate change in the internal areas of the Mediterranean region is causing a decrease in the frequency of rains and an increase in temperatures, leading to dryer and warmer seasons. These conditions, which will become more and more intense in the coming decades, are already affecting viticulture (e.g. photoinhibition, leaf and berry sunburn) influencing the growth and physiology of vines together with the yield and quality of grapes. The sustainability of vine cultivation in these areas is increasingly at risk, thus, the definition of sustainable cultivation techniques is pivotal to stabilize production and maintain high quality standards of the grapes.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the application of basalt dust on the leaf surface of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera ‘Falanghina’ grapevine, grown under two different water availability levels over two years characterized by different climatic conditions. The experiment was conducted between 2021 and 2022 in a commercial vineyard of La Guardiense farm at Guardia Sanframondi (Benevento, southern Italy), in the Sannio wine district. The treatment blocks set, localized after geo-physical analysis of the soil, were the following: DI (distribution of basalt dusts and irrigated; Dust-Irrigated), DR (distribution of basalt dusts and rainfed; Dust-Rainfed), NDI (without basalt dusts and irrigated; No Dust-Irrigated), and NDR (without basalt dusts and rainfed; No Dust-Rainfed). The basalt dusts were distributed during the productive-vegetative cycle of the vine (from April to September) and the irrigation was managed according to weather conditions and soil water availability. During the two years of trials, the vegetative growth was monitored through biometric measures, the eco-physiological characteristics through leaf gas-exchanges, chlorophyll “a” fluorescence emission and leaf water potential, during the four main phenological phases: flowering, fruit set, veraison and maturation. Eco-physiological traits were also linked to leaf functional anatomical traits (e. g. lamina thickness, localization of phenolics, stomatal size and frequency) to detect mechanisms for acclimation. After the measurement of fertility, the grapes from each plot were harvested and micro-vinified. The musts and wines were chemically characterized to understand the oenological potential of each one. The analysis of the data from the two seasons 2021 and 2022 allowed us to unravel the effect of inter-annual climatic variability on the potential for photoprotection of the dust distribution. Gained information is useful to evaluate whether the use of basalt dust can be considered a tool for mitigating water stress and rationalizing irrigation protocols.

How to cite: Petracca, F., Cirillo, C., Bonfante, A., Arena, C., Giulioli, M., Erbaggio, A., Amitrano, C., and De Micco, V.: Combined effect of basalt dust foliar distribution and water availability on leaf morpho-physiological traits and grape quality in Falanghina, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-7792, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-7792, 2023.

Ecosystem services and biodiversity in vineyards are strongly influenced through local edaphoclimatic factors, viticultural practices and landscape composition. Pest control by natural enemies is an important ecosystem service for wine production, contributing to the EU goal to reduce pesticide use by 50 % until 2030. Important natural enemies in this context are predatory mites which are effective in controlling pest mites on vines. In this study, we investigated predatory and pest mite densities in 156 vineyards across five European wine-growing regions ranging from southern Spain to central Romania differing in respect to pesticide use, farming types, inter-row management and landscape composition. We hypothesized that (i) intensive viticultural management practices (e.g. high usage of pesticides and/or intensive vegetation management) would decrease predatory mite populations as well as species richness and that (ii) higher proportions of semi-natural habitats at the landscape scale may mitigate the negative effects of intensive management on predatory mites. Our results showed that only one or two predatory mite species dominated their community composition in the respective wine-growing regions. Furthermore, the farming type was one major factor for predatory mite densities. Conventional and integrated farming resulted in higher population densities compared to organic farming in the Austrian and French study region. The effect of the farming type could be linked to the beneficial impact of a lower pesticide use and lower toxicity for predatory mites in conventional and integrated vineyards. Predatory mite densities also benefited more from spontaneous vegetation cover compared to seeded cover crops in the vineyard inter-row. The increased predatory mite densities in the vineyards with spontaneous vegetation cover could be related to a better supply of pollen as food resource in this inter-row management type compared to seeded cover crops. Contrary to our expectations, predatory mite densities benefited through an increased proportion of vineyards in the surrounding landscape. Our findings showed accordingly, that predatory mites as natural enemies in European vineyards could be promoted through a reduced use of pesticides and extensive vegetation management in the inter-rows. This findings should be considered for European agri-environmental programmes in viticulture to increase natural pest control and at the same time to reduce harmful pesticide use, thereby contributing to the EU pesticide reductions goals.

How to cite: Möth, S., Richart-Cervera, S., Comsa, M., Herrera, R. A., Hoffmann, C., Kolb, S., Popescu, D., Reiff, J. M., Rusch, A., Tolle, P., Walzer, A., and Winter, S.: Effects of vineyard management and landscape composition on pest control by predatory mites across European wine growing regions, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-14155, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-14155, 2023.

Leaf water potential (LWP) is widely used to assess plant water status and it is commonly used by growers to make immediate crop and water management decisions. However, LWP measurement via direct method presents challenges as it is labour, time intensive and represents leaf-level conditions for sampling of small vineyard block. An alternative approach is using pigment concentration as a proxy for the canopy’s water status. Spectral data methods have been applied to monitor and evaluate crops’ biophysical variables. In this study, a model to predict LWP using via UAS equipped with a VIS-NIR multispectral camera and trained machine learning algorithm, is developed and tested.  The model was tested on three dates in 2020 in a commercial vineyard in the Tufo Wine Region. Three modelling approaches (partial least square regression PLSR, support vector machine SVM, artificial neural network ANN) and two input datasets (combining spectral data and spectral vegetation indices) were used to estimate LWP. All approaches predicted LWP-based on spectral data classified from high to low; the results were consistent in direct proportion to the laboratory results and performed the best results. This research shows the potential for estimating LWP at a vineyard scale based on UAS information, represents a good and relatively cheap solution to assess plant status spatial distribution and therefore it could provide a direct way to achieve precise agricultural vineyard.

How to cite: Monaco, E., Ezzy, H., Brook, A., Buonanno, M., Albrizio, R., Giorio, P., Erbaggio, A., Arena, C., Petracca, F., Cirillo, C., De Micco, V., and Bonfante, A.: Effect of multi-level and multi-scale spectral data source on vineyard state assessment, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-16735, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-16735, 2023.

Viticulture is strictly related with weather and climate. Italy is a world leader in the wine business but also a known hot-spot for climate change. In the last decades, Italian winegrowers already experiences the effect of climate change, especially in terms of warmer growing season, more frequent and longer drought periods, increased frequency of weather extremes as well as shifts in phenological phases, that increase the exposure of the plant at frost risk. This study investigates the impact of climate variability and change on grape yield at local scale in three wine consortiums. Using climate variables from the E-OBS observational dataset, we computed a range of bioclimatic indices, selected by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), and correlated them to grape yield data from three wine consortiums in in northern and central Italy. The collaboration with consortiums allows to include in the analysis other factors, besides climate, that influences wine productivity like vineyard management, policies and market.
We evaluate how the interannual variability and the changes in the bioclimatic indices impact on grape productivity in the study areas using a single regression approach. We also combined the bioclimatic indices into a multi-regression analysis to investigate if a more complex methodology
increases the portion of total yield variability explained, in comparison with the single regression approach.

Keyword: climate change, agroclimatic service, wine, local scale

How to cite: Massano, L., Fosser, G., and Gaetani, M.: A new interpretation of bioclimatic indices at local scale in Italy, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-17101, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-17101, 2023.