AS5.18 | Remote sensing of atmospheric composition: MAX-DOAS, spectral imaging, and other techniques
Remote sensing of atmospheric composition: MAX-DOAS, spectral imaging, and other techniques
Convener: Thomas Wagner | Co-conveners: Steffen Beirle, Michel Van Roozendael, Folkard Wittrock, Emmanuel Dekemper, Jonas Kuhn, Ulrich Platt
Orals
| Tue, 25 Apr, 14:00–15:45 (CEST)
 
Room 1.85/86
Posters on site
| Attendance Tue, 25 Apr, 16:15–18:00 (CEST)
 
Hall X5
Posters virtual
| Attendance Tue, 25 Apr, 16:15–18:00 (CEST)
 
vHall AS
Orals |
Tue, 14:00
Tue, 16:15
Tue, 16:15
This session is the result of the merge of former sessions "MAX-DOAS and other scattered light DOAS systems: instruments, techniques and applications" and "Spectral imaging techniques for atmospheric trace gas remote sensing".

Shortened description of session "MAX-DOAS and other scattered light DOAS systems: instruments, techniques and applications":

Over the last years, a growing number of Multi-AXis (MAX) and other scattered light DOAS instruments is operated world wide.
By probing the troposphere in different viewing angles and from different platforms, vertical profile information on aerosols and tropospheric trace gases, in particular NO2, can be derived.
Thereby, scattered light DOAS instruments provide an essential link between in-situ measurements of trace gas concentrations and column-integrated measurements from satellite, and thus play a key role in satellite validation.

Shortened description of session "Spectral imaging techniques for atmospheric trace gas remote sensing":

In the last decades, concepts of atmospheric trace gas remote sensing instruments featuring imaging capability have been developed. Imaging vastly enhances the information content of atmospheric measurements and allows the determination of important parameters like f.i. mass fluxes (e.g. volcanic and ships SO2 emissions), or spatial gradients. It also offers opportunities to better grasp the context of the atmospheric measurements (e.g. cloudiness, horizon line, wind).
For the different fields of application yield various types of instruments targeting a large set of atmospheric species at a large range of spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution were developed. In response to operability requirements in the field, their handling and portability also differ.
This session aims at presenting research activities in the field of atmospheric remote sensing with a particular emphasis on measurement techniques based on spectral imaging.

Orals: Tue, 25 Apr | Room 1.85/86

Chairpersons: Thomas Wagner, Emmanuel Dekemper
14:00–14:05
MAXDOAS
14:05–14:15
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EGU23-4852
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On-site presentation
Xiangguang Ji, Cheng Liu, Yang Wang, Qihou Hu, and Thomas Wagner

    Tropospheric ozone (O3) profiles, especially within the boundary layer, are essential for studying the vertical, temporal, spatial variations, as well as the formation sensitivity and regional transport of O3. However, it is rare to find continuous tropospheric O3 profiles with high temporal and spatial resolutions without blind areas using current remote sensing technologies, with issues such as low near-surface sensitivity or systematic blind areas from satellite and LiDAR observations, respectively, being encountered. Here, multi-source data including stratospheric O3 profiles from external datasets and local monthly dependent a priori profiles were fused in the retrieval algorithm, then vertical O3 profiles from the near-surface to the free troposphere were retrieved from multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements. This study mainly includes the following three points: First, with the aim of deriving a set of best practice recommendations for applying a profile inversion algorithm to long-term observations, we comprehensively investigated the influence of various settings on profile retrieval, with emphasis on the selection of a Fraunhofer reference spectrum and appropriate a priori profiles in the upper troposphere. Secondly, tropospheric O3 profiles were retrieved for operational MAX-DOAS observations in Beijing, and the results, especially for the boundary layer, were evaluated in detail with respect to well-established independent O3 datasets, including one-year ozonesonde profiles and tower-based in-situ measurements at different altitudes. A good level of agreement was found for both near-surface and elevated-altitude results, and the MAX-DOAS O3 profiles were able to reproduce the vertical distributions measured by ozonesonde. Then, the characteristics of ozone vertical temporal variations during the pollution episode were concluded. At the meanwhile, vertical ozone formation sensitivities across the Chinese metropolis, such as Beijing, Guangzhou, etc., were studied basing on the retrieval of O3, HCHO and NO2 from MAX-DOAS observations.

How to cite: Ji, X., Liu, C., Wang, Y., Hu, Q., and Wagner, T.: Ozone profiles without blind area retrieved from MAX-DOAS observations: methodology, validations and applications, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-4852, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4852, 2023.

14:15–14:25
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EGU23-6091
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Virtual presentation
Xin Tian, Yifeng Pan, Pinhua Xie, Jin Xu, Ang Li, Zijie Wang, Zhaokun Hu, and Jiangyi Zheng

In the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) trace gases profile retrieval, it needs to obtain the vertical profile of aerosols as the a priori, and depends on the atmospheric radiative transfer model (RTM). Therefore, a data mining method named CNN-SVR was adopted to achieve the prediction of NO2 profile, which combines the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN), support vector regression (SVR) and MAX-DOAS. The optimization core of the hybrid model is embodied in three aspects. (1) CNN extracting the effective features of MAX-DOAS spectral data. The input data are MAX-DOAS spectrum, wind direction, wind speed, season, temperature, relative humidity, aerosol optical depth (AOD), cloud cover. Feature variables of MAX-DOAS spectra were extracted by CNN. The output data set is the NO2 profile retrieved by MAX-DOAS profile inversion algorithm PriAM. The data set is processed by normalization to unify the dimensions to ensure the accelerated convergence of the program. (2) The mean impact value (MIV) method selecting the input variables sensitive to NO2 profile forecasting. The MAX-DOAS spectral data, temperature, AOD and low cloud cover are finally determined as the best input parameters of the prediction model. (3) The hybrid forecasting method. Combined with the advantages that CNN can reduce the amount of data processing and retain useful information, and SVR does not depend on the dimension of input space, a CNN-SVR hybrid prediction model is proposed. The average percentage error (MAPE) of the CNN-SVR model is 9.14%. Compared with the separately constructed CNN, SVR and backpropagation models, the MAPE of CNN-SVR is reduced by 8.22%, 6.00% and 32.28% respectively. Therefore, CNN-SVR can effectively predict tropospheric NO2 profiles by using MAX-DOAS observation.

How to cite: Tian, X., Pan, Y., Xie, P., Xu, J., Li, A., Wang, Z., Hu, Z., and Zheng, J.: A CNN - SVR model for NO2 profile Prediction based on MAX-DOAS observation, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-6091, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6091, 2023.

14:25–14:35
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EGU23-7316
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ECS
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Highlight
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On-site presentation
Haoran Liu, Cheng Liu, Chengzhi Xing, Qihou Hu, Wei Tan, and Xiangguang Ji

Entering the “14th Five-Year Plan”, the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 has become a major issue of air pollution prevention and control in China. In order to achieve this goal, the stereoscopic monitoring of regional PM2.5 and O3 and their precursors (NO2, HCHO etc.) is extremely necessary. Yet, current monitoring networks are inadequate to monitor the vertical profiles of all above atmospheric compositions simultaneously, and to support air quality control. We have established a nationwide ground-based hyperspectral stereoscopic remote sensing network based on MAX-DOAS since 2015. This monitoring network provides a significant opportunity for the regional coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 in China. One-year vertical profiles of aerosol, NO2, HCHO and O3 monitored from four MAX-DOAS stations (CAMS, SH_XH, SUST and CQ) installed in four megacities (Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chongqing) are used to characterize their vertical distribution differences in four key regions of Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Sichuan Basin (SB), respectively. The normalized and yearly averaged aerosol vertical profiles in JJJ and PRD exhibit a box shape under 400 m and a Gaussian shape, respectively, and they all show exponential shapes in YRD and SB. The NO2 vertical profiles in four regions all exhibit exponential shapes due to the obvious vehicle emissions. The shape of HCHO vertical profile in JJJ and PRD shows Gaussian, and it exhibits exponential shape in YRD and SB. The averaged O3 vertical profiles in four regions all exhibit box shape and linear shape in pollution and non-pollution periods, respectively. Moreover, a regional transport event occurred at an altitude of 600-1000 m was monitored in the southwest-northeast pathway of North China Plain (NCP) by five MAX-DOAS stations (SJZ, WD, NC, CAMS and UCAS) belonging to above network. The aerosol optical depths (AOD) in these five stations varied in the order of SJZ > WD > NC > CAMS > UCAS. The short-distance regional transport of NO2 in 800 m layer was monitored between WD and NC. As an important precursor of secondary aerosol, NO2 air mass in WD and NC all occurred 1 hr earlier than aerosol. Similarly, the short-distance regional transport of HCHO in 800 m layer between NC and CAMS, and it potentially affected the O3 concentration in Beijing. Finally, CAMS was selected as a typical site to learn O3-NOx-VOCs sensitivities in vertical space. We found the production of O3 changed from predominantly VOC-limited condition to mainly mixed VOC-NOx-limited condition from 0-100 m layer to 200-300 m layer. In addition, the downward transport of O3 could make a contribute to the increase of ground surface O3 concentration. ground-based hyperspectral stereoscopic remote sensing network provide a promising strategy to support PM2.5 and O3 and their precursors management and attribution of sources.

How to cite: Liu, H., Liu, C., Xing, C., Hu, Q., Tan, W., and Ji, X.: MAX-DOAS Network in China and Its Applications, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-7316, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-7316, 2023.

14:35–14:45
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EGU23-9615
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ECS
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Highlight
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On-site presentation
Kezia Lange, Andreas Richter, Lisa K. Behrens, and John P. Burrows

Mobile DOAS measurements are a good option to determine the spatial distribution of NO2 or other trace gases such as HCHO and SO2 within a city. In previous works, such measurements have been performed using cars and have provided interesting insights into spatial inhomogeneities of the NO2 distribution and valuable contributions to satellite validation. A disadvantage of car DOAS measurements is the time required for driving the car.

Therefore, a new DOAS instrument was developed and installed on a tram in Bremen in November 2021. The instrument is mostly operating in zenith-sky mode, but also takes measurements at 20° elevation every 7 minutes. The advantage of the tram DOAS instrument is that it performs measurements during the normal operation of the tram. As a result, regular measurements along the route network can be carried out without additional time spent driving.

Up to now, the instrument has gathered one year of data all over the Bremen tram network. It can be clearly seen that the areas of increased tropospheric NO2 VCDs change throughout the day, but certain areas show reproducibly higher NO2 pollution. We found elevated NO2 levels in the industrially dominated northwest and lower levels in the more rural northeast of Bremen. This is confirmation for a very similar distribution visible in the TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 VCDs data. In addition, the tram DOAS measurements are compared to the measurements from a stationary MAX-DOAS instrument installed close to one of the tram lines.   

How to cite: Lange, K., Richter, A., Behrens, L. K., and Burrows, J. P.: First measurements of spatial NO2 variability in Bremen with a newly developed tram DOAS instrument, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-9615, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-9615, 2023.

14:45–14:55
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EGU23-11189
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On-site presentation
Janis Pukite, Steffen Beirle, Sebastian Donner, Bianca Lauster, Simona Ripperger-Lukosiunaite, Steffen Ziegler, and Thomas Wagner

The ground-based Multiple Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurement technique is of high interest to measure local scale pollution events like trace gas plumes above cities or power plants. Besides vertical column densities and especially for the comparison with in-situ measurements and model simulations, vertical profiles of aerosol extinction and trace gas concentrations are retrieved. In this the horizontal extent of the plume is usually neglected in the forward modelling (i.e. horizontally homogeneous distribution is assumed).

Here we investigate by sensitivity studies on simulated measurements 1) the systematic errors induced when in fact a horizontally limited plume is measured while neglecting the limited horizontal  plume extent in the retrieval, 2) the capabilities to correct for these errors by a tomographic measurement scheme scanning the same air masses by two instruments, and 3) we provide an outlook to the practical applicability of such a measurement concept.

 

How to cite: Pukite, J., Beirle, S., Donner, S., Lauster, B., Ripperger-Lukosiunaite, S., Ziegler, S., and Wagner, T.: Towards tomographical MAX DOAS profile retrieval:  sensitivity studies, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-11189, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-11189, 2023.

14:55–15:05
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EGU23-14484
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On-site presentation
MAX-DOAS, FTIR and direct-sun HCHO vertical columns intercomparison in Xianghe (China)
(withdrawn)
Gaia Pinardi, François Hendrick, Martina Friedrich, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Minqiang Zhou, Christian Hermans, Isabelle De Smedt, Ting Wang, Pucai Wang, and Michel Van Roozendael
Imagers
15:05–15:15
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EGU23-9561
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On-site presentation
William Swartz, Nickolay Krotkov, Lok Lamsal, Frank Morgan, Benjamin Stewart, Walter Zimbeck, Gerard Otter, Floris van Kempen, Pieternel Levelt, and Pepijn Veefkind

Current and planned low Earth orbit and geostationary satellite instruments have long provided global surveys, revealing air pollution characteristics and trends. Targeted pollution observations with even finer spatial and temporal resolution would better characterize, quantify, and monitor emissions from urban areas, power plants, and other anthropogenic activities, with both scientific and societal benefits. The Compact Hyperspectral Air Pollution Sensor (CHAPS) is an imaging spectrometer in a CubeSat form factor, made possible by the use of freeform optics and additive manufacturing. CHAPS has the potential to complement global surveyors and provide targeted observations valuable for understanding air quality at urban scales. The instrument is designed to make measurements of atmospheric composition at 300–500 nm (@ 0.6-nm spectral resolution) at unprecedented spatial resolution from low Earth orbit (1 x 1 km2). The NASA Earth Science Technology Office has funded the development of a CHAPS–Demonstrator (CHAPS-D), which will result in an airborne demonstration of a CHAPS prototype instrument. The CHAPS-D project is a joint collaboration of JHU/APL (USA) and TNO (The Netherlands). CHAPS-D freeform optics derive heritage from the Sentinel-5 Precursor (TROPOMI) mission. Freeform optics has potentially huge advantages over traditional optical designs, including fewer optical surfaces and lower mass and volume, while maintaining optical performance, and CHAPS-D will fit within the design constraints of a 6U CubeSat. The CHAPS-D mechanical structure and some optical elements will be fabricated using additive manufacturing, using a next-generation aluminum alloy. This approach simplifies the construction of the instrument and allows for integral stray light baffling features not possible using traditional fabrication approaches. The compact size and relatively lower cost of CHAPS makes a constellation feasible for the first time, with unprecedented spatiotemporal sampling of global point pollution sources. The project will culminate in an airborne demonstration of CHAPS-D, with 30-m spatial resolution. We will retrieve NO2, SO2, HCHO, ozone, and other trace species relevant to air quality from solar backscatter measurements. We present the science context, measurement requirements, and preliminary design of CHAPS-D, as well as results from breadboard testing.

How to cite: Swartz, W., Krotkov, N., Lamsal, L., Morgan, F., Stewart, B., Zimbeck, W., Otter, G., Kempen, F. V., Levelt, P., and Veefkind, P.: CHAPS: A New, Compact Hyperspectral Imager for Air Pollution Remote Sensing, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-9561, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-9561, 2023.

15:15–15:25
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EGU23-13808
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On-site presentation
Lieven Clarisse and the Nitrosat team

Two key forms of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the atmosphere are nitrogen oxides (NO+NO2) and ammonia (NH3). Both species are abundantly emitted from anthropogenic sources (fossil fuel combustion, agriculture) with devastating consequences on the environment, human health and climate. Complementing sparse ground-based measurements, current satellite sounders provide daily coverage of their global distribution. However, the spatial resolution of these instruments (>20 km² for NO2 and >100km² for NH3) is orders of magnitudes greater than the typical size of the main Nr sources (industries, farms, roads), which makes identification of the emitters, and corresponding quantification of their emission strengths particularly challenging.

To understand and address the impacts of a perturbed nitrogen cycle, and in response to the current observational gap, a dedicated satellite for the monitoring of NO2 and NH3 at high spatial resolution has been conceptualised. Nitrosat, as it is being called, is currently in Phase 0 of ESA’s Earth Explorer 11 call. Its main objective is to quantify simultaneously the emission sources of NH3 and NOx at the landscape scale (<0.25 km²) and to characterize seasonal patterns (<1 month) in their emissions. The two imaging spectrometers onboard Nitrosat will operate respectively in the infrared for NH3 and the visible for NO2, offering gapless coverage in a single swath.

Starting from representative examples of measurement techniques that are presently used to derive emission fluxes from NH3 and NO2 satellite observations, we discuss the limitations of current sounders. We introduce the Nitrosat measurement concept and, exploiting both model simulations and aircraft campaign data, provide examples from the Phase 0 studies of how Nitrosat will enable retrieval of emission fluxes from local and diffuse sources in a way that will not be possible with other current or planned missions.

How to cite: Clarisse, L. and the Nitrosat team: Nitrosat, a Satellite Mission Concept for Mapping Reactive Nitrogen at the Landscape Scale, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-13808, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-13808, 2023.

15:25–15:35
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EGU23-14162
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On-site presentation
Hugues Brenot, Martina Friedrich, Nicolas Theys, Alexis Merlaud, Christian Hermans, Caroline Fayt, and Michel Van Roozendael

With its high temporal and spatial resolution, SO2 UV cameras are very attractive tools for monitoring emission and estimating fluxes (volcanic or anthropogenic sources). Their measurements can also contribute to warning systems (e.g., in the mitigation of volcanic crisis and its impact on aviation).

The first part of this contribution will briefly review the methodology with the pros and cons of this technique. In the calibration process (to obtain SO2 amounts by using a collocated spectrometer as a part of our EnviCam3 SO2 UV camera), we show means to mitigate some of the effect on UV light propagation (i.e., dilution and saturation) by using a multi-window DOAS analysis approach. We will show some tests of the saturation effect for sets of SO2 concentrations (from 10 to 10000 ppm.m) obtained in our laboratory (device with a vacuum pump).

 In the second part, we will present a new GUI Python software developed at BIRA, for both fast analysis during field campaigns and more detailed post-processing analysis of SO2 fluxes. The functionalities of this software consist of: 1) automatic or manual correction of X/Y shifts between the images from the two cameras; 2) correction of the vignetting effect in each image; 3) automatic detection of spectrometer field of view by correlation with time series of QDOAS retrieved SO2 slant columns for calculating the conversion factor to SO2 concentrations  4) estimation of the plume speed using optical flow computing; 5) retrievals of SO2 fluxes (box, traverse or delta-M methods).

Data measured in the harbour of Antwerp (in 2022 and 2023), at Etna (in 2022) and Nyiragongo (in 2017) volcanoes will be shown.

How to cite: Brenot, H., Friedrich, M., Theys, N., Merlaud, A., Hermans, C., Fayt, C., and Van Roozendael, M.: Methodological improvements and processing software of SO2 fluxes from UV cameras, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-14162, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-14162, 2023.

15:35–15:45
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EGU23-5253
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Felix Külheim, Marvin Knapp, Leon Scheidweiler, Ralph Kleinschek, Paweł Jagoda, Jarosław Nęcki, and André Butz

Nitrogen oxides (NOx  = NO + NO2) are atmospheric pollutants that are detrimental to air quality and human health and play a major role in tropospheric ozone chemistry. Combustion processes produce NOx; thus, coal-fired power plants contribute significantly to the emission total (EEA 2017). Imaging atmospheric NOxcolumns with the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method is a well-established tool for NOx  emission monitoring (e.g. Lohberger 2004; Manago 2018).

During field measurements in June 2022, we deployed a ground-based hyperspectral camera (HySpex) for the visible to near-infrared (VNIR) spectral range at a distance of 6 km from the largest coal-fired power plant in Europe, the Bełchatów Power Station in Poland. We present preliminary results of NOemission plume images using sky-scattered sunlight as the light source. Our HySpex VNIR-1800 hyperspectral camera records spatially highly resolved images with 2400 pixels horizontally and 1800 pixels vertically covering a 22°x16.5° field of view at a temporal resolution of 1 minute. The camera covers the spectral range between 400 nm and 1000 nm with a spectral resolution of 5 nm and sampling intervals of 3.2 nm. We retrieve pixel-wise differential slant column densities of NO2  using DOAS in the 420 - 550 nm spectral interval. Despite the low spectral resolution, NO2  absorption structures can be identified and fitted, as we demonstrate by lab measurements with pre-calibrated NO2  cells.

We examine the performance of the NO2  camera and the potential for combining it with a co-deployed carbon dioxide (CO2) HySpex camera that operates in the shortwave-infrared spectral range. Simultaneous observations of NO2  and CO2  might enable insights into plume dynamics, photochemical processing in the plume and the emission ratio of the two species.

 

References:

European Environment Agency, 2017. Releases of pollutants to the environment from Europe’s industrial sector – 2015. url: https://www.eea.europa.eu /publications/releases-of-pollutants-to-the/releases-of-pollutants-from-industrial-sector (visited on 01/04/2023).

Lohberger, Falko et al.,  Aug. 2004. “Ground-based imaging differential optical absorption spectroscopy of atmospheric gases”. In: Applied Optics 43.24, p.4711. doi: 10.1364/ao.43.004711. url: https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.43.004711.

Manago, Naohiro et al.,  July 2018. “Visualizing spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide by means of hyperspectral imaging”. In: Applied Optics 57.21, p. 5970. doi: 10.1364/ao.57.005970. url: https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.57.005970.

How to cite: Külheim, F., Knapp, M., Scheidweiler, L., Kleinschek, R., Jagoda, P., Nęcki, J., and Butz, A.: Ground-based imaging of NO2 emission plumes from Bełchatów Power Station using a hyperspectral camera, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-5253, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-5253, 2023.

Posters on site: Tue, 25 Apr, 16:15–18:00 | Hall X5

Chairperson: Steffen Beirle
X5.139
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EGU23-2046
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ECS
Maxime Prignon, Vladimir Conde, Smyth Timothy J., Sundström Anu-Maija, van Vliet Jasper, and Mellqvist Johan

While shipping is generally the most energy-efficient freight transportation mode (in terms of gCO2 t-1 km-1), its intensive use (80 % to 90 % of global merchandise trade volume), coupled with high pollutant emission factors, leads to serious impact on the environment and the human health. The primary pollutants emitted by ships, nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO2 + NO), sulphur oxides (SOx, mainly SO2) and particulate matter (PM), degrade the air quality and are involved in the formation of secondary pollutants as tropospheric ozone (O3). As 70 % of ship emissions occur within 400 km of coastlines, ship emissions have strong impact in harbour cities and coastal areas situated along high traffic shipping lanes.

Compliance monitoring for fuel sulphur content (FSC) is usually done by the collection and the analysis of fuel samples by competent authorities from ships at berth. The complexity of the method results in very few ships being formally controlled. In consequence, various remote compliance monitoring techniques of FSC have been developed in the last years, mainly involving sniffer techniques (extractive methods coupled with analyser instruments) performed from fixed or moving (e.g., manned and unmanned aircrafts, ships) platforms. Optical remote sensing techniques such as differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) have also been applied to shipping emission monitoring in the past years.

Here we present results of several ship-based campaigns conducted in the last years (in the Mediterranean Sea in 2019 and 2021, and in the English Channel in May 2022), with a focus on the DOAS technique. While the performed DOAS zenith measurements are not fully suitable to conduct a quantitative monitoring of the ship compliance to the FSC regulations, we propose a method to qualitatively identify potential non-compliant ships. Comparisons are made with state-of-the-art sniffer measurements. Despite the larger uncertainty yielded by this technique in comparison to sniffer systems, it may be applied for the guidance of formal controls (e. g., authorities at port).

During the English Channel campaign in May 2022, we modified our DOAS setup in order to sequentially scan various elevation angles from the horizon to the zenith (i.e., multi axis DOAS, MAX-DOAS) and, thus, to retrieve vertical tropospheric columns of NO2. Here we compare our shipborne MAX-DOAS NO2 columns to the ones retrieved from TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument). TROPOMI could be further involved in the monitoring of shipping emissions as it has been recently used to identify the emission plumes of single (or group of) ships. Therefore, its validation with independent datasets at sea is needed to strengthen the monitoring of shipping emissions.

How to cite: Prignon, M., Conde, V., Timothy J., S., Anu-Maija, S., Jasper, V. V., and Johan, M.: DOAS applied to shipping emission monitoring: compliance assessment and comparison to satellite measurements, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-2046, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2046, 2023.

X5.140
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EGU23-4636
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ECS
Kangho Bae, Chang-Keun Song, Andreas Richter, Thomas Wagner, Michel van Roozendael, Kezia Lange, Tim Boesch, Steffen Ziegler, Alexis Merlaud, Sang Seo Park, Jong-Uk Park, and Hyunkee Hong

GEMS (Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer), the world’s first geostationary environmental satellite was successfully launched in February 2020 and keeps monitoring the trace gases around East Asia. For improving the GEMS retrieval algorithms and validation of the products, NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) organized two international field campaigns in Korea: GMAP2021 (GEMS MAP of Air Pollution) and SIJAQ2022 (Satellite Integrated Joint monitoring of Air Quality), respectively in winter and summer season. In the framework of these campaigns, to fill the gap of the reference ground remote sensing observation network, additional Pandora and MAX-DOAS instruments were installed in SMA (Seoul Metropolitan Area), Ulsan, and Busan. In addition, we operated Car-DOAS and GCAS (GeoCAPE Airborne Simulator) flight measurements around the SMA and the Southeastern region to catch the detailed distribution of emission sources. Preliminary results indicate different diurnal variation patterns of NO2 columns in SMA and the Southeastern region, visible both in ground-based and GEMS data. Car-DOAS measurements show a detailed distribution of trace gases at city level and for a few days during the summer season (SIJAQ2022), Car-DOAS even caught some well-synchronized high SO2 and HCHO signals with NO2, which can be related to anthropogenic emissions around the industrial area and in the case of the SMA emission estimation measurement, nice plumes were observed along the wind direction on good meteorological condition days.

How to cite: Bae, K., Song, C.-K., Richter, A., Wagner, T., Roozendael, M. V., Lange, K., Boesch, T., Ziegler, S., Merlaud, A., Park, S. S., Park, J.-U., and Hong, H.: Preliminary Results of the GMAP/SIJAQ Campaign: Remote Sensing Measurements of Air Pollution over Korea, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-4636, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4636, 2023.

X5.141
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EGU23-5483
Qihou Hu, Yizhi Zhu, Chengxin Zhang, Wenjing Su, Xiangguang Ji, Chengzhi Xing, Haoran Liu, Wei Tan, Qihua Li, and Cheng Liu

  In addition to local emissions and atmospheric chemical reactions, regional transport is also an important source of atmospheric pollutants. Satellite-based remote sensing can obtain the spatial distribution of air pollutants in a large range. However, due to the influence of cloud coverage, there is the problem of data missing, which make it difficult to directly use satellite data for quantitative assessment of regional transport. In this study, we used satellite remote sensing from TROPOMI to update the emissions of WRF-Chem modeling. Then, the spatial distribution of regional transport fluxes was obtained through the updated modeling, and the output areas of air pollutants were identified in a large range of regional pollution events. We find that with the overall improvement of air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the contribution of external input to air pollution in Beijing from surrounding cities shows a downward trend, while the impact of local emissions become more prominent. Besides, the transports through elevated altitude were investigated through ground-based remote sensing. We found that the transport heights and source regions for different pollutants are quite different. Aerosols and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are significantly affected by the long-distance transport across the upper boundary layer; nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is mainly from local emissions and transport from surrounding area across the lower boundary layer; while the regional transport of formaldehyde (HCHO) is not obvious. Moreover, regional transport through elevated altitudes not only directly brings air pollutants, but also can cause the inversion of the vertical structure of aerosols. The inverse structure of aerosols can further induce adverse meteorological conditions through the interaction between pollution and meteorology, and then aggravate air pollution.

How to cite: Hu, Q., Zhu, Y., Zhang, C., Su, W., Ji, X., Xing, C., Liu, H., Tan, W., Li, Q., and Liu, C.: Regional transport of air pollutants from stereoscopic remote sensing observation, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-5483, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-5483, 2023.

X5.142
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EGU23-8101
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ECS
Lucas Reischmann, Steffen Ziegler, Steffen Beirle, Vinod Kumar, Sebastian Donner, and Thomas Wagner

A major challenge in Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) is the characterization of the light path. For the determination of the light path length, cloud conditions are essential. While instruments like a LIDAR/ceilometer provide information on cloud base height in zenith direction, it is often quite challenging to obtain information on cloud coverage in the line of sight of a Multi-Axes-DOAS (MAX-DOAS) instrument.

In this study, we apply an existing cloud classification algorithm using combined information from the colour index and the O4 slant column density (Wagner et al., 2013) on spectra recorded by a MAX-DOAS instrument. In order to validate the algorithm, a MAX-DOAS with camera measurements of the sky conditions carried out at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz for several months. The results of the cloud classification algorithm are compared to the recordings of the cameras in order to analyse the performance of the algorithm.

How to cite: Reischmann, L., Ziegler, S., Beirle, S., Kumar, V., Donner, S., and Wagner, T.: Validation of a MAX-DOAS instrument-based cloud classification algorithm, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-8101, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-8101, 2023.

X5.143
|
EGU23-11128
|
ECS
Jiangyi Zheng, Pinhua Xie, Xin Tian, Jin Xu, Ang Li, Bo Ren, Feng Hu, Zhaokun Hu, Yinsheng Lv, and Zhidong Zhang

Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) has been widely used in the three-dimensional monitoring of air pollutants. It is of great significance for MAX-DOAS to reconstruct the state of air pollutants by establishing an accurate vertical profile retrieval algorithm. At present, the profile retrieval algorithm of MAX-DOAS mainly adopts the iterative method based on a priori profile, which leads to strong dependence on priori profiles. We try to reduce the dependence on priori profiles by first calculating the vertical column density and then calculating the vertical distribution from observation. Therefore, we propose a new MAX-DOAS trace gas profile inversion algorithm - McPrA (Monte Carlo profile inversion algorithm by Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (AIOFM)). The algorithm uses Monte Carlo method to solve the optimal estimation problem of the gas profile. Firstly, the gas vertical column density is obtained through the air mass factor calculated by the radiative transfer model SCIATRAN. Secondly, the vertical distribution of trace gas is retrieved by combining the weight function with the a priori profile. Besides, we introduce the normalization process in the vertical distribution solution to make the prior profile better match the weight function. McPrA can set the vertical resolution of profile by modifying the grid, and we increase the vertical resolution of gas profile to 50m. By conducting sensitivity experiments on parameters such as Monte Carlo sampling, covariance matrix and the priori profiles, the optimal configuration of retrieval parameter is obtained. At the same time, the degree of freedom is more than 3.0. Finally, comparative verification experiments were carried out to compare with in situ data from LP-DOAS and National Air Quality Monitoring Station. The correlation coefficient for NO2 VMR at the first layer retrieved by McPrA in 50 m grid reached above 0.89. The comparison of NO2 profiles retrieval by McPrA with that from WRF-Chem and simulation of synthetic data also shows that McPrA algorithm can retrieve trace gas profiles accurately.

How to cite: Zheng, J., Xie, P., Tian, X., Xu, J., Li, A., Ren, B., Hu, F., Hu, Z., Lv, Y., and Zhang, Z.: McPrA - a new trace gas profile retrieval algorithm for MAX-DOAS, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-11128, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-11128, 2023.

X5.144
|
EGU23-11376
Tim Bösch, Miriam Latsch, Andreas Richter, Folkard Wittrock, and John P. Burrows

Ship-based trace gas measurements are of particular interest to the scientific community as they fill a gap in knowledge of trace gas concentrations in the marine boundary layer (MBL) on the open ocean. Remote sensing techniques, such as Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS), offer the capability of probing air masses located further away from the ship, compared to in situ instruments. In this way, MAX-DOAS measurements taken during ship cruises can be used to examine larger volumes of air in the MBL where routinely measured data is sparse.

We present measurements of a MAX-DOAS system installed on the research vessel Sonne during the cruise SO287 from Las Palmas (Gran Canaria, Spain) to Guayaquil (Ecuador) from the 11th of December 2021 until the 11th of January 2022.    
Ship-based anthropogenic emissions have been identified as higher slant column densities (SCD) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) while biogenic emissions are mainly found close to land, as indicated by higher SCDs of formaldehyde (HCHO). On the open ocean, the frequently detected abundance of iodine monoxide (IO) emphasizes that the MBL is mainly dominated by emissions from the ocean (algae) in the absence of anthropogenic emissions.               
In a second step, these SCD results have been analysed with the profiling algorithm BOREAS to further assess the vertical extent of trace gases in the MBL. Since trace gas concentrations are highest in the lowest kilometre, emission sources close to the shipping route and the ocean surface dominate the measurements taken during cruise SO287.

How to cite: Bösch, T., Latsch, M., Richter, A., Wittrock, F., and Burrows, J. P.: Measurements of trace gases with a MAX-DOAS system during a ship cruise from the Canaries to Ecuador (SO287) on board of RV Sonne, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-11376, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-11376, 2023.

X5.145
|
EGU23-15430
|
ECS
Jakob Borchardt, Konstantin Gerilowski, Oke Huhs, Sven Krautwurst, Heinrich Bovensmann, Hartmut Bösch, and John P. Burrows

Remote sensing measurements of greenhouse gases from aircraft to detect and quantify greenhouse gas emissions began about 15 years ago. These measurements have been exploited to detect and quantify predominantly anthropogenic emissions. However, with new satellite systems targeting especially methane (CH4) emissions on different scales, high-precision airborne measurements are needed to validate these satellite systems and detect and quantify emissions too small to be detected from space-based sensors.

For this, the MAMAP2D family of airborne passive imaging remote sensing instruments has been and is being built at the Institute of Environmental Physics of the University of Bremen. MAMAP2D-Light, the first of this family, is a lightweight, compact spectrometer measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4 enhancements in a short-wave infrared band around 1.6 µm with a spectral resolution of ~1.1 nm. It was flown successfully on a Diamond HK36 TTC-ECO motor glider aircraft of the Jade University of Applied Sciences in Wilhelmshaven and the High Altitude Long Range operations (HALO) aircraft of DLR during the COMET 2.0 Arctic campaign in Canada. The MAMAP2D instrument, the next biggest in the MAMAP2D family, covers the SWIR band with a higher spectral resolution and additionally contains a near-infrared channel covering O2 absorption around 760 µm for path-length correction and is currently assembled in the laboratory.

In this poster, we will present the spectral characterization of the MAMAP2D-Light instrument as flown during the COMET 2.0 Arctic campaign and assess its performance for detecting local CH4 and CO2 gradients. Additionally, initial laboratory characterizations of the MAMAP2D breadboarding activity will be presented.

How to cite: Borchardt, J., Gerilowski, K., Huhs, O., Krautwurst, S., Bovensmann, H., Bösch, H., and Burrows, J. P.: The airborne greenhouse gas observation systems MAMAP2D-Light and MAMAP2D – Characterization and performance assessment, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-15430, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-15430, 2023.

X5.146
|
EGU23-2310
Steffen Ziegler, Bianca Lauster, Steffen Beirle, Sebastian Donner, and Thomas Wagner

Transit cruises of German research vessels across oceans provide a unique platform for MAX-DOAS measurements of atmospheric trace gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The Deep Blue/PORD campaign took place from 24 June to 21 July 2022. During that period the research vessel SONNE was crossing the Pacific in meridional direction from 22° S to 54° N in an area that is typically used as reference for satellite data due to its large distance from anthropogenic emission sources.

In this study we focus on three trace gases: NO2 columns provide information on the meridional distribution of stratospheric NO2 as well as the distribution of tropospheric background NO2 above the marine boundary layer. For the analysis, high signal “peaks” that only last a short time are filtered as they most likely originate from the ship exhaust. First results show a minimum of total NO2 columns between the equator and about 15° N. HCHO and SO2 mainly appear as plumes from nearby islands and/or volcanoes in the Solomon Sea, where biogenic and volcanic activities are naturally high. In combination with the onboard instrumentation (Ceilometer, Pyranometer and a cloud camera) this data set provides a detailed description of the atmosphere along the cruise track.

How to cite: Ziegler, S., Lauster, B., Beirle, S., Donner, S., and Wagner, T.: First MAX- DOAS results of the SO292-2 cruise across the Pacific in June/July 2022: Nouméa (New-Caledonia) to Dutch Harbor (Alaska, USA), EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-2310, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2310, 2023.

X5.147
|
EGU23-13464
Emmanuel Dekemper and Jurgen Vanhamel

The AOTF-based NO2 camera is a remote sensing instrument primarily aimed at imaging and quantifying the NO2 field above cities or in industrial plumes. The measurement principle consists in acquiring a number of spectral images of the scene at selected wavelengths. Each pixel is therefore recording a discrete spectrum of the radiance collected in its acceptance cone, enabling the retrieval of the NO2 column density in its optical path by application of the DOAS method on the measured spectrum.

The core element of the instrument principle is the acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF). This device works under the principle of the acousto-optical interaction, the coupling of the light electric field with the modulation of the crystal lattice by a shear acoustic wave created by a transducer. The coupling takes place at a single wavelength, and diffracts that part of the spectrum into another direction. By blocking the undiffracted light beam, and imaging the diffracted order, one can capture a monochromatic image of the scene.

We propose to expand the capabilities of the NO2 camera by exploiting another aspect of the acousto-optic interaction. The coupling between light and sound actually takes place in a birefringent crystal (TeO2), and one usually works with a single linear polarization of the incoming light (e-light, or o-light). The two polarization components are diffracted in different directions. If the current design is modified such that the two components can be imaged, then an information on the degree of linear polarization of the light can be obtained.

In the atmosphere, the scattering of light by air (Rayleigh), and particles (Mie) is controlling the state of polarization of the scattered solar light. Hence, aerosols not only introduce a smooth spectral signatures, but also a change of the state of polarization. The proposed modification of the NO2 camera design can provide some sensitivity on this, potentially enhancing the scientific return of the instrument with aerosol retrievals capabilities. The new instrumental design will be presented, and vector radiative transfer simulations will be produced to estimate the benefit of this change.

How to cite: Dekemper, E. and Vanhamel, J.: Enhancing the AOTF-based NO2 camera with light polarization sensitivity for aerosol retrievals, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-13464, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-13464, 2023.

X5.148
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EGU23-7447
|
ECS
Simona Ripperger-Lukosiunaite, Steffen Ziegler, Sebastian Donner, Leon Kuhn, Thorsten Hoffmann, Peter Hoor, and Thomas Wagner

Nitrogen oxides (NOx, i.e. NO and NO2) are a major contributor to urban air pollution and have negative impacts on human health, relating to respiratory and cardiovascular problems. NO2 is also a precursor of secondary particulate matter and tropospheric ozone, which are also associated with adverse effects on human health. Inland waterway vessels are a significant source of NOx emissions due to their diesel engines operating at high temperatures. Emissions from inland ships are concentrated in the vicinity of waterways, and could be a significant local air pollution source, particularly in residential areas located along intensively used waterways, narrow and steep river valleys, and small villages without heavy road traffic or nearby power plants. Hence, quantifying the influence of inland ship emissions on air quality and humans is important.

We demonstrate the use of ground-based MAX-DOAS (Multi AXis-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements to estimate NOx emissions from inland ships on the Rhine River in western Germany. We show that this method can be used to derive ship emissions of NOx for individual plumes and as an average over several plumes. However, we also identify several challenges with this approach and propose ways to improve it.

The combination of MAX-DOAS and in situ measurements, particularly knowledge of the NO/NO2 ratio could lead to more accurate estimates of ship emissions. In addition, we introduce planned systematic measurements at selected locations, such as narrow parts of the Rhine and Moselle valleys, where ship emissions may be a major pollution source. We plan to apply regional models to estimate the effect of the updated ship emissions on local NOx concentrations.

How to cite: Ripperger-Lukosiunaite, S., Ziegler, S., Donner, S., Kuhn, L., Hoffmann, T., Hoor, P., and Wagner, T.: Estimating Nitrogen Oxides emissions from inland waterway vessels using MAX-DOAS measurements – Results of pioneering measurements and plans to advance the method, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-7447, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-7447, 2023.

X5.149
|
EGU23-4611
|
ECS
Qihua Li, Chuan Lu, Chengzhi Xing, Qihou Hu, Wei Tan, Hua Li, Jinan Li, Zhiguo Zhang, Bowen Chang, and Cheng Liu

High spatial-temporal resolution distribution of atmospheric gaseous pollutant is an important basis for tracing its emission, transport and transformation. At present, methods commonly used to obtain the regional horizontal distribution of trace gas are based on satellite remote sensing or numerous in-situ observation. However, typical trace gas monitoring satellites only have a few fixed overpassing times with a spatial resolution limited to several kilometers, which make it hard to locate minor emission sources. Limited in-situ observations have limited coverage, and can only obtain trace gas concentration information near the observation point. In this study, we propose a method for the long-term detection of the horizontal distribution of trace gas. The spatial resolution in the direction of rotation was up to 0.1°, and the spatial resolution in the optical path direction, reached the kilometer level. Meanwhile, the temporal resolution of the results reached the hourly level during the daytime. The obtained trace gas horizontal distribution was consistent with the in-situ and mobile measurements. Compared with satellite remote sensing, this method achieved horizontal distribution results with higher spatial and temporal resolutions, and located several small high-value areas in Hefei, China. The satellite NO2 vertical column density (VCD) distribution results were evaluated via the NO2 horizontal distribution obtained from the hyperspectral NO2 horizontal distribution at 13:30 (local time) (UTC+8:00) on April 2, 2022. The Tropospheric NO2 VCD results of the satellite at transit time (13:30) were consistent with the hyperspectral NO2 horizontal distribution results at 13:00–14:00 on the same day but were not consistent with the daily average NO2 results. The hourly NO2 concentration in each area was 10–40% lower than the daytime average obtained by the hyperspectral remote sensing result. Based on these results, we approximated the errors associated with the calculation of NO2 emissions based on the satellite results, with a maximum bias of approximately 69.45–83.34%.

How to cite: Li, Q., Lu, C., Xing, C., Hu, Q., Tan, W., Li, H., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Chang, B., and Liu, C.: A novel hyperspectral remote sensing technique for horizontal distribution of atmospheric gaseous pollutant: to fill the spatio-temporal resolution limitations of satellite and in-situ observations, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-4611, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4611, 2023.

X5.150
|
EGU23-4660
|
ECS
Chengzhi Xing, Cheng Liu, and Qihou Hu

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a key role in regional environment and global climate change, however, the lack of vertical observation hinders a deeper understanding of the atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) on the TP. In this study, we conducted MAX-DOAS measurements at Nam Co, central TP, to observe the vertical profiles of aerosol, water vapor, NO2, HONO and O3 from May to July 2019. In addition to NO2 mainly exhibiting a Gaussian shape with the maximum value appearing at 300-400 m, other four species all showed an exponential shape and decreased with the increase of height. The maximum values of monthly averaged aerosol (0.17 km-1) and O3 (66.71 ppb) occurred on May, water vapor (3.68×1017 molec cm-3) and HONO (0.13 ppb) appeared on July, while NO2 (0.39 ppb) occurred on June at 200-400 m layer. Water vapor, HONO and O3 all exhibited a multi-peak pattern, and aerosol appeared a bi-peak pattern for their averaged diurnal variation. Moreover, we found O3 and HONO were the main contributors to OH on the TP. The averaged vertical profiles of OH production rates from O3 and HONO all exhibited an exponential shape, and decreased with the increase of height with the maximum values of 2.61 ppb/h and 0.49 ppb/h at the bottom layer, respectively. In addition, source analysis for HONO and O3 were conducted based on vertical observations. The heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on wet surfaces was a significant source of HONO, which obviously associated with water vapor concentration and aerosol extinction. The maximum values of HONO/NO2 appeared around water vapor being 1.0×1017 molec cm-3 and aerosol being lager 0.15 km-1 under 1.0 km, and the maximum values usually accompanied with water vapor being 1.0-2.0×1017 molec cm-3 and aerosol being lager 0.02 km-1 at 1.0-2.0 km. O3 was potentially sourced from south Asian subcontinent and Himalayas through long-range transport. Our results enrich the new understanding of vertical distribution of atmospheric components and explained the strong AOC on the TP.

How to cite: Xing, C., Liu, C., and Hu, Q.: Observations of the vertical distributions of summertime atmospheric pollutants in Nam Co: OH production and source analysis, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-4660, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4660, 2023.

X5.151
|
EGU23-11861
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ECS
Serena Di Pede, Pepijn Veefkind, Maarten Sneep, Mark ter Linden, and Arno Keppens

The status and the most recent developments of the algorithm of the operational TROPOMI (Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument) Ozone Profile product will be presented in this contribution. TROPOMI is the payload onboard of the single-satellite Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P), an atmospheric composition mission that is part of the EU Copernicus program. The aim of the TROPOMI ozone profile product is to continue the record of the stratospheric ozone, monitor changes, improve the accuracy of the retrieved stratospheric profiles and focus on the tropospheric ozone, which is also important for climate studies. The monitoring of the evolution of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone is important as the ozone plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and radiative balance throughout the atmosphere. The stratospheric ozone layer from 15 to 50 km absorbs the harmful UV radiation, protecting life at the surface. Tropospheric ozone is a greenhouse gas affecting the climate. In addition, ozone in the lower troposphere is a toxic component of air pollution with significant public health and agricultural impacts.

The operational ozone profile product of TROPOMI provides the ozone profile at 33 pressure levels in the atmosphere and as 6 sub-columns with a vertical sampling depending on the altitude. The ozone profile is derived from the UV spectral range (270-330 nm), with an horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 28x28 km2. The derived ozone profile contains 6-7 independent pieces of information, providing a vertical resolution in the range 7 – 15 km. The retrieval is based on the Optimal Estimation method, which combines the information from the measured spectra with the a-priori information. In addition to the a-priori profile, the retrieved profiles and their errors, the algorithm also provides diagnostic information, such as the averaging kernel matrix of the ozone profile elements, an essential parameter also for the product validation operated by the ESA/Copernicus Atmospheric Mission Performance Cluster/Validation Data Analysis Facility (ATM-MPC/VDAF).

The algorithm also relies on accurate Level 1B radiometric calibration of both radiance and irradiance data, which addresses in particular the spectral region below 310 nm. From comparison to other satellites sensors as well as to forward models, it is known that the TROPOMI UV spectral bands show systematic radiometric deviations. To address this issue, a radiometric correction based on a comparison with forward models has been developed. The derived correction parameters are updated regularly in the operational product in order to follow the changes of the instrument over time due to its optical degradation.

The improvements in the operational algorithm, regarding the radiometric calibration and the choice of a new climatology for the ozone profile a-priori information and its uncertainty, are crucial aspects for the ozone retrieval and they will be shown during this talk.

Finally, with the availability of the reprocessed ozone profile data from the beginning of the mission, this contribution will also show the results of the algorithm performances throughout the TROPOMI mission, in ozone hole conditions and for tropospheric enhancements.

How to cite: Di Pede, S., Veefkind, P., Sneep, M., ter Linden, M., and Keppens, A.: The TROPOMI Ozone Profile retrieval algorithm and its use for stratospheric and tropospheric atmospheric research, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-11861, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-11861, 2023.

X5.152
|
EGU23-13645
Alexis Merlaud, Rodriguez Yombo Phaka, Gaia Pinardi, Jean-Pierre Mbungu Tsumbu, Richard Bopili Mbotia Lepiba, Bunenimio Lomami Djibi, Martina Friedrich, Isabelle De Smedt, Jenny Stavrakou, Jean-François Muller, François Hendrick, Emmanuel Mahieu, and Michel Van Roozendael

African megacities suffer from air pollution and the problem is expected to worsen in the near-future, with the ongoing explosive demographic growth in these areas. The sources of pollutants in Africa are different from those found in Europe. Agricultural burnings and charcoal-based cooking largely contribute to the NO2 and HCHO burdens. However, many large African cities, such as the City of Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, do not have local pollution monitoring capabilities. In these polluted places, space-based measurements are often the only source of data available regarding air quality. Together with the validation of TROPOMI in a poorly sampled area, this context motivated ground-based DOAS observations in Kinshasa since 2017. We first operated a single-axis instrument, which we upgraded as a MAX-DOAS instrument in December 2019.  

We describe the observation site in Kinshasa, the MAX-DOAS instrument, and the retrievals which use the algorithmic tools developed within the FRM4DOAS project. We compare the MAX-DOAS database (2019-2023) of ground-based observations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT), NO2 and HCHO with MODIS and TROPOMI, and with simulations using the GEOS-CHEM Chemistry and Transport Model. Such comparisons enable to assess the quality of the satellite products and model performances around Kinshasa. The ground and satellite-based observations have different sensitivities to the trace gas profiles. Combining the observations and model datasets sheds light on the true atmospheric state above Kinshasa. Another objective of this work is to constrain emission inventories in central Africa. 

How to cite: Merlaud, A., Yombo Phaka, R., Pinardi, G., Mbungu Tsumbu, J.-P., Bopili Mbotia Lepiba, R., Lomami Djibi, B., Friedrich, M., De Smedt, I., Stavrakou, J., Muller, J.-F., Hendrick, F., Mahieu, E., and Van Roozendael, M.: MAX-DOAS measurements of AOT, NO2 and HCHO in Kinshasa (DR Congo): comparisons with TROPOMI and GEOS-CHEM, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-13645, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-13645, 2023.

X5.153
|
EGU23-14246
Antonin Berthelot, Noel Baker, Philippe Demoulin, Quentin Errera, Ghislain Franssens, Didier Fussen, Nina Mateshvili, Didier Pieroux, Sotiris Sotiriadis, and Emmanuel Dekemper

ALTIUS (Atmospheric Limb Tracker for the Investigation of the Upcoming Stratosphere) is an atmospheric limb mission being implemented in ESA's Earth Watch programme and planned for launch in early 2026. The primary objective of the mission is to measure high-resolution stratospheric ozone concentration profiles. Secondary objectives are the retrievals of stratospheric aerosols particle density, NO2, water vapor and other minor species concentrations.

This innovative instrument consists of three spectral high-resolution imagers: UV (250-355 nm), VIS (440-675 nm) and NIR (600-1040 nm) channels. The UV channel uses a stack of four Fabry-Pérot interferometers, while the VIS and NIR channels each rely on an AOTF (Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter). Each channel can image scenes independently of the others at given wavelengths and with a moderate spectral resolution, and high spatial sampling. The agility of ALTIUS allows for series of observations at desired wavelengths carefully chosen to retrieve the vertical profiles of species of interest.

The instrument will perform measurements in different geometries to maximize global coverage: observing limb-scattered solar light in the dayside, solar occultations at the terminator, and stellar, lunar, and planetary occultations in the nightside.

The status of the ALTIUS mission will be presented as well as the foreseen quality of the Level-1 observations.  The quality of the retrieved profile densities will be discussed with a particular focus on the high vertical resolution that can be achieved using this instrument. The added-value of the native imaging capabilities of ALTIUS in terms of observations, and in-flight calibrations, will be highlighted.

How to cite: Berthelot, A., Baker, N., Demoulin, P., Errera, Q., Franssens, G., Fussen, D., Mateshvili, N., Pieroux, D., Sotiriadis, S., and Dekemper, E.: The ALTIUS mission: status and performance, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-14246, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-14246, 2023.

X5.154
|
EGU23-15635
|
ECS
Philipp Hochstaffl, Andreas Baumgartner, Sander Slijkhuis, Guenter Lichtenberg, Claas H. Koehler, Franz Schreier, Anke Roiger, Dietrich G. Feist, Julia Marshall, André Butz, and Thomas Trautmann

Current and planned satellite missions such as the Japanese GOSAT (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite) and NASA’s OCO (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) series and the upcoming Copernicus Carbon Dioxide Monitoring (CO2M) mission aim to constrain national and regional-scale emissions down to scales of urban agglomerations and large point sources. The CO2Image demonstrator mission of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is specifically designed to detect and quantify carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from medium-size point sources. To this end its COSIS (Carbon dioxide Sensing Imaging Spectrometer) push-broom grating spectrometer measures reflected solar radiation with a high spatial resolution of 50x50 m2, covering tiles of ~50x50 km2 extent. The instrument has a moderate spectral resolution of approximately ~1 nm and observes in a single spectral window in the 2 µm region.

Here we present and discuss the impact of the expected COSIS performance on the retrieved level-2 data. The level-1 data (spectra) are generated using the Py4CAtS (Python for Computational ATmospheric Spectroscopy) line-by-line radiative transfer model and the COSIS SIMulator (COSIS-SIM). Based on the COSIS instrument parameters the analysis examines the retrieval errors related to noise which allows to estimate the detection and quantification limit of CO2 and CH4 emission rates at the instrument’s spatial and spectral resolution. We further discuss the effect of heterogeneous scenes, i.e. high contrast surfaces that cause an effective distortion of the spectral response function by non-uniform illumination of the entrance slit. Finally, we assess the influence of initial guess values for the plume's vertical extent and shape on the retrieval.

How to cite: Hochstaffl, P., Baumgartner, A., Slijkhuis, S., Lichtenberg, G., Koehler, C. H., Schreier, F., Roiger, A., Feist, D. G., Marshall, J., Butz, A., and Trautmann, T.: CO2Image retrieval studies and performance analysis, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-15635, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-15635, 2023.

Posters virtual: Tue, 25 Apr, 16:15–18:00 | vHall AS

Chairperson: Steffen Beirle
vAS.15
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EGU23-1619
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ECS
|
Hairong Zhang, Ang Li, and Zhaokun Hu

We investigated the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of glyoxal through observations over a 23-day period. Sensitivity analysis of simulated and actual observed spectra revealed that the accuracy of glyoxal fitting is primarily controlled by the wavelength range selected. Within the range of 420–459 nm, the value calculated using the simulated spectra was 12.3×1014 molecules/cm2 lower than the actual value, and the results obtained using the actual spectra included a large number of negative values. Overall, the wavelength range has a far stronger influence than other parameters. The wavelength range of 420–459 nm (excluding 442–450 nm) is the most suitable because it ensures minimal influence from interference components in the same wavelength. Within this range, the calculated value of the simulated spectra is the closest to the actual value, with a deviation of only 0.89×1014 molecules/cm2. Therefore, the 420–459 nm range (excluding 442–450 nm) was selected for further observation experiments. The fourth polynomial order was used in DOAS fitting, and constant terms were used to correct the actual spectral offset. In the experiments, the glyoxal slant column density primarily ranged from -4×1015 molecules/cm2 to 8×1015 molecules/cm2, and the near-ground glyoxal concentration ranged from 0.02 to 0.71 ppb. Glyoxal was concentrated below 500 m and the pollution height began to rise around 09:00 and reached the maximum value around 12:00, after which they declined. 

How to cite: Zhang, H., Li, A., and Hu, Z.: Evaluation and measurement of tropospheric glyoxal retrieved from MAX-DOAS in Shenzhen, China, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-1619, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-1619, 2023.