Understanding the flow dynamics of a Plagioclase Ultraphyric Basalt- a case study from the Westfjords, Iceland

The volcanic landscapes of Iceland's Westfjords are marked by the intriguing presence of Plagioclase Ultraphyric Basalts (PUBs), distinctive lava formations that are a focal point of this research. Characterized by plagioclase contents so high (up to 50-60%) that they approach the crystallinity of a crystal mush, these formations offer a unique opportunity to explore the extreme end of lava crystallinity and the influence of abundant large plagioclase crystals on lava viscosity and flow. The main aim of this research is to understand how the abundance of large plagioclase crystals influences the viscosity and flow of lavas at the extreme end of lava crystallinity, as well as better understand the origin of the crystal cargo. The interplay between the crystals and the magma is crucial for better understanding the origins and flow characteristics of these volcanic formations. This is achieved through an interdisciplinary approach, combining petrographical and geochemical analyses, including Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) for major element trace element analysis, with Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) to determine the flow direction within the lava. This comprehensive method provides insights into the crystallization conditions of magmas and minerals, as well as the textural and compositional characteristics of the plagioclase crystals. The outcomes of this research are not only crucial for understanding the unique aspects of the Westfjords’ volcanic regions but also have significant implications for predicting volcanic hazards and refining magma dynamics models, thereby enhancing our ability to mitigate the impacts of volcanic activity.