Influence of Geochemical Features on Elastic and Fracture Behavior of Organic Matter

As the source material of hydrocarbon and a significant matrix constituent in organic-rich shale, organic matter influences not only the oil/gas generation and accumulation but also the mechanical behavior of shale formations. Previous researches have found that organic matter exhibits different mechanical properties from inorganic minerals, and proved that geochemical features could significantly affect the elastic behavior of organic matter in shale. Here, this work systematically investigates the influence of organic type and/or thermal maturation on mechanical behavior of organic matter. For elastic behavior, in conjunction with vitrinite reflection test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, and micro-Raman analysis, nanoindentation is performed to measure the modulus of different macerals. The results indicate that with the same thermal maturity, inertinite has the highest Young’s modulus, while the modulus of bitumen is the lowest. In addition, with the increase of thermal maturity, the Young’s moduli of all kinds of maceral tend to increase, while the intensity ratio of D peak to G peak measured by micro-Raman analysis shows a decreasing trend, which indicates a higher degree of graphitization. For fracture behavior, maceral identification, focused xenon ion beam fabrication, and in situ fracture test are combined to analyze the deforming and fracturing process of different organic types. Micro cantilever beams are manufactured by using a xenon plasma focused ion beam-SEM (Xe PFIB-SEM), and then loaded in an environmental SEM (ESEM). Organic matter particle is set at the fixed end of cantilever beam, and the load is applied at the free end. Thus, the interaction between micro crack and organic matter can be observed and the corresponding mechanical data can be recorded. Test results indicate that the micro cantilever beams dominated by inertinite and vitrinite show the features of brittle failure, while those dominated by bitumen show the features of ductile failure. These microscale findings can support the upscaling model for precise prediction of mechanical properties at the macro scale, and assist with the understanding and interpretation of macroscopic elastic and fracture behavior in shale reservoirs.