The climate control of soil organic carbon dynamics inferred from speleothem radiocarbon ages

The complexity of processes affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover on spatio-temporal scales often hinders the extrapolation of results from specific sites to larger scales. This study presents Holocene speleothem U-Th ages paired with ¹⁴C ages of carbonate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through three caves located on a north-south transect through China. The deviations of speleothem ¹⁴C_DOCages from the U-Th ages show clearly spatial variability, and they are positively correlated with mean ages of modern SOC and soil turnover time, suggesting that deviations can be used to infer the SOC turnover. We further demonstrate that slow SOC turnover (large deviation) was associated with weak monsoon (low temperature/less precipitation) on temporal scales. Our findings reveal that climate dominates the speleothem ¹⁴C_DOCages and SOC turnover. As global warming likely will intensify, the accelerated turnover of SOC, particularly at higher latitude areas, may partially offset the existing soil carbon stock.