The Potential Impact of Floating Wind turbines on the deep water oxygen deficit in seasonally stratified shelf seas

Seasonally stratified shelf seas are amongst the most biologically productive on the planet. A consequence is that the deeper waters can become oxygen deficient in late summer in response to deep water remineralisation of sunken organic matter. Model simulations suggest that a warming climate will accelerate this deficiency due to strengthening stratification and the increased duration of stratification. In the next decades the seasonally stratified seas will host the massive expansion of off-shore wind farms, and in particular the new generation of floating wind turbines.  Here we integrate novel turbulence timeseries measurements with vertical profiles of water column properties from a seasonally stratified shelf sea to estimate oxygen and biogeochemical fluxes. These new results are used to investigate the role of vertical mixing in the development of the seasonal O₂ deficit with particular reference to the potential impact of enhanced mixing associated with the wake of the floating wind turbines.