Certification systems for the ecological rehabilitation of mined areas

Ecological reclamation of mined areas is a critical step in restoring environmental balance. Mining companies and operators are usually required to restore their sites to a condition that supports an agreed post-mining land use and to mitigate environmental and social impacts. To achieve rehabilitation approval, specific closure objectives and completion criteria must be defined to determine whether the necessary outcomes have been attained.  Certifications in this area typically focus on ensuring that reclamation processes meet certain standards and effectively restore the ecosystem. Some well-known certifications include the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) certification and the International Standards Organisation (ISO) environmental management system certification. SER certification often assesses projects based on ecological integrity, historical and cultural considerations, and sustainable management. It ensures that reclamation efforts promote biodiversity, soil health and overall ecosystem resilience. On the other hand, older ISO certifications, particularly ISO 14001, focus on environmental management systems and ISO 26000 on social responsibility. While not specific to ecological reclamation, it provides a framework for organisations to develop and implement environmentally responsible practices. Recent ISO standards like 21795:2021 specify the framework and the processes involved in mine closure and reclamation planning for new and operating mines, and they also provide requirements and recommendations.  These certifications play a critical role in establishing credibility and ensuring that ecological reclamation efforts meet recognised standards. They also contribute to the broader goal of sustainable mining practices. This study examines the evolution of standards for the certification of rehabilitation of mined sites, reflecting the growing awareness of environmental impact and the shift toward sustainable practices.