Multi-scale study on fluid-rock interaction in caprock and reservoir rocks for enhanced CO2 sequestration

In the context of geological CO₂ sequestration, understanding the complex interaction between reactive fluids and the rock matrix is pivotal in efficient and safe carbon storage. This paper presents a recently initiated research plan, spanning laboratory and pilot scale, covering two main scenarios: A) reactive reservoir rocks (e.g. basalt and peridotite), and B) claystone saline aquifers with sandstone reservoir rocks and claystone caprock. To investigate the specific effects of CO₂ exposure on rock properties, we propose a 1-2 year exposure experiment on intact rock core samples. The experiment will be conducted using a batch reactor system equipped with continuous pH monitoring and carefully controlled to replicate in situ salinity, pressure and temperature levels. Before, during and after exposure, samples will be analysed using CT scanning to detect changes in porosity, and mechanical and physical properties will be assessed before and after exposure. Preliminary characterisation of the cores prior to exposure to CO₂ will also be presented.

In parallel decameter scale experiments spanning many months of CO₂ injection are conducted at the Mont Terri underground rock laboratory in Switzerland. The experiments involve observing the injection of CO₂-saturated brine into a fault zone within Opalinus Claystone—an analogue caprock. This contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of fluid injection on fault reactivation, particularly within the context of leakage processes at shallow depths crucial to CO₂ storage security. Preliminary results on clay deformation in response to rapid increase of injection pressure will be presented.

This research plan aims to understand reactive processes in different geological contexts fundamental to carbon storage strategies. Operating at multiple scales - from laboratory to pilot scale analysis - our study aligns with the session's broader goal of advancing the understanding and predictive capabilities of coupled processes induced by geoenergy applications. By sharing preliminary results and fostering collaboration, we aspire to maximise the scientific results of our laboratory experiments and contribute to the scientific community's search for sustainable solutions in carbon storage strategies.