No evidence for large mercury release from the Greenland Ice Sheet: recent conclusions on global mercury budget invalidated.
- 1Aarhus University, Ecoscience, Arctic Environment, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark (cjj@ecos.au.dk)
- 2Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
- 3Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- 4Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France
- 5Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- 6Centre for Earth Observation Science, and Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, R3T2N2 Winnipeg, Canada
Local glaciers and ice caps in the Northern Hemisphere and the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) have recently been suggested to be important parts of the Arctic mercury (Hg) budget. Based on ice-core data, the recently estimated total glacial Hg pool is approximately 2,400 tons, approximately 97% of which is in Greenland1. With Hg concentrations in pre-industrial ice being significantly lower than in ice formed during the 19th and 20th centuries, the dominating source of glacial Hg and input to the Arctic Hg budget is ascribed to long-range transport of anthropogenic Hg emissions2.
Alarming concentrations of Hg in meltwater from the western margin of the GrIS were recently reported3. With Hg concentrations reported as being 100 - 1000 times higher than what is known for other freshwater systems of Greenland and a postulated increase in Hg export to downstream environment following climate warming and asserted global importance of Hg fluxes from the GrIS, these extraordinary concentrations and conclusions calls for independent verification.
In our current study4, we expand the sampling of subglacial meltwater from 21 representative outlets at GrIS in 2021 and 2022 to get a better scientific basis for conclusions on the magnitude of glacial Hg sources in Greenland. Results from our study consistently show that both total and dissolved Hg concentrations in glacial meltwater over space and time are very low (generally <10 pM) and that an extremely elevated Hg concentration range (up to 4000 pM recently reported3) cannot be reproduced.
In contrast to what was previously reported3, we find that meltwater from below the GrIS is very low in Hg; has minor implications for the global Hg budget and pose only a very limited risk for local communities and the natural environment of Greenland.
References:
- A. Dastoor, et al. (2022), Arctic Mercury Cycling. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 3, 270–286 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00269-w.
- AMAP. AMAP Assessment 2021: Mercury in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP),1- 324.
- J. R. Hawkings et al (2021) Large subglacial source of mercury from the southwestern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Nature Geoscience 14, 496–502 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00753-w.
- Jørgensen et al (2024) Large mercury release from the Greenland Ice Sheet invalidated. Science Advances, in press.
How to cite: Jørgensen, C. J., Søndergaard, J., Larsen, M. M., Kjeldsen, K. K., Rosa, D., Sapper, S. E., Heimbürger-Boavida, L.-E., Kohler, S. G., Wang, F., Gao, Z., Armstrong, D., and Albers, C. N.: No evidence for large mercury release from the Greenland Ice Sheet: recent conclusions on global mercury budget invalidated. , EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-4005, 2024.
