EGU24-5662, updated on 08 Mar 2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-5662
EGU General Assembly 2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Litigation challenging over-reliance on carbon dioxide removal requires quantitative feasibility assessment

Oliver Perkins1,2, Peter Alexander3,4, Almut Arneth5,6, Calum Brown5,7, James Millington1,2, and Mark Rounsevell3,5,6
Oliver Perkins et al.
  • 1The Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment, and Society, Imperial College London, SB7 2BX, UK
  • 2Department of Geography, King’s College London, WC2B 4BG, UK
  • 3School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
  • 4Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
  • 5Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
  • 6Institute for Geography & Geo-ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 7Highlands Rewilding Limited, Inverness, UK

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is an emerging frontier in climate change litigation1. CDR must play an important role in achieving global climate targets, by compensating for hard-to-abate emissions (such as from international transport). Yet, over-reliance on CDR in government and corporate decarbonisation plans may serve as a strategy to commit to climate action on paper, whilst making inadequate present-day emissions’ reductions. Therefore, litigation may be necessary to highlight where CDR commitments contribute to a credible decarbonisation plan, and where they are primarily employed as a delaying tactic. Hence, litigation arguing that a given level of CDR deployment represents an unacceptable risk to the achievement of legal climate targets must have clarity around plausible levels of real-world delivery.

Land-based CDR methods, such as afforestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, frequently appear in both modelled decarbonisation scenarios and government policies. Here, we argue that quantitative assessment of the feasible potential of land-based CDR is vital to the success of CDR-focused litigation. Firstly, we highlight key land system processes that will constrain real-world CDR delivery to levels well-below the techno-economic assessments presented in the IPCC 6th Assessment Report (AR6). These constraining processes include land tenure and food insecurity, monitoring and verification, and impermanence due to biophysical disturbances and policy change. Quantifying the likely impact of such factors can fast-track successful CDR litigation by demonstrating the scale of the gap between CDR pledges and plausible real-world potentials.

Further, after Perkins et al., 2, we outline research frameworks that can deliver a quantified feasible potential for land-based CDR within the IPCC AR7 process, and highlight emerging trans-disciplinary methods making progress towards this goal. These methods include geospatial coupled socio-ecological model ensembles, which can capture interactions and feedbacks between socio-economic and biophysical drivers in the land system at global scale. Typically, such ensembles include coupling of spatial agent-based models of land user behaviour with dynamic global vegetation models and non-equilibrium agricultural trade models - which can represent system shocks such as geopolitical instability and extreme weather events. We conclude by arguing that quantitative feasibility assessment must be made a high priority in CDR research to prevent widespread over-reliance on CDR in decarbonisation policies.

1. Stuart-Smith, R.F., Rajamani, L., Rogelj, J., and Wetzer, T. (2023). Legal limits to the use of CO2 removal. Science 382, 772–774. 10.1126/science.adi9332.

2. Perkins, O., Alexander, P., Arneth, A., Brown, C., Millington, J.D.A., and Rounsevell, M. (2023). Toward quantification of the feasible potential of land-based carbon dioxide removal. One Earth 6, 1638–1651. 10.1016/j.oneear.2023.11.011.

How to cite: Perkins, O., Alexander, P., Arneth, A., Brown, C., Millington, J., and Rounsevell, M.: Litigation challenging over-reliance on carbon dioxide removal requires quantitative feasibility assessment, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-5662, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-5662, 2024.

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