Upper Pleistocene in Mallorca: Sedimentary variability of littoral deposits in relation to different structural contexts

This comprehensive study explores the Upper Pleistocene geological history of Mallorca, employing a multifaceted approach that integrates previous findings with new insights. The research spans various coastal regions, focusing on four distinct study areas characterized by different geomorphological and structural contexts. The first structural context, exemplified by Port des Canonge, showcases folded and thrusted deposits, resulting in prominent cliffs with Jurassic and Triassic formations. The second context, observed in Caloscamps, features smoother reliefs and notable terrestrial sediment input. Meanwhile, the third context, represented by Punta de s’Avançada and Punta de n’Amer, exhibits cliffs  carved on Upper Miocene tabular deposits devoid of terrestrial sediment input. The main objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the geological and sedimentological characteristics of the Upper Pleistocene deposits across Mallorca's coastal regions by investigating different study areas located along the west, north-west, north-east, and east coasts, in distinct geomorphological and geological contexts through a multifaceted approach using classical sedimentological methodologies: stratigraphic analysis, X-ray analysis, microscopic techniques, and assessment of sediment color. Additionally, Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating techniques are employed, providing a precise temporal framework spanning Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6) to Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). The findings reveal the complex interplay of environmental factors, climatic variations, and geological evolution across Mallorca. Colluvial deposits and paleosols reflect climatic shifts. Alluvial fans and aeolianites highlight periods of intense sediment transport and deposition linked to climate fluctuations. Fossil evidence, such as tracks and trackways associated to Myotragus balearicus, contributes to understanding evolutionary adaptation and isolation, offering unique insights into the island's paleontological legacy. Finally, to provide a comprehensive overview of the outcrops present on the island, a stratigraphic correlation of the mentioned areas was conducted, integrating data from seven other study sites (Es Caló, Punta Manresa, Platja de sa Font de Sant Joan, Sa Ferradura, s’Estret des Temps, Es Carnatge and Ses Penyes Rotges). In conclusion, the study enhances our comprehension of Mallorca's coastal dynamics, geological composition, and environmental history, providing invaluable contributions to the broader understanding of Pleistocene deposits.