This research explores the long-term impacts of intricate dynamics of fluvial corridors on the carbon cycle, focusing on the interaction with tropical meandering rivers during formative events and riparian vegetation, particularly large wood recruitment. A multidisciplinary approach – including satellite data analysis, deterministic modeling and stochastic processes – is employed to assess the magnitude of carbon exported by these rivers.

Meandering rivers exhibit lateral migration, with continuous erosion and deposition shaping their dynamics. Riparian vegetation, impacted by flooding and cutoff events, plays a pivotal role in carbon recruitment. A satellite-guided methodology across the Amazon basin  correlates river-induced forest cover loss with eroded areas to estimate carbon recruitment.

To understand the long-term river dynamics, a stochastic toy model linking river evolution, sinuosity and carbon export is proposed.  The model equation for sinuosity growth includes deterministic and noisy terms, accounting for river elongation and cutoff events, respectively. In particular, a compound Poisson process is used to describe the evolution of sinuosity over time, revealing the impact of cutoff events on long-term dynamics. The calibration of the parameters characterizing the Poisson process is performed through the results of numerical simulations for river planar evolution, based on Zolezzi and Seminara (2001) morphodynamic  model.

This study indicates a close relationship between the carbon sequestration and the dynamics of tropical rivers, emphasizing the negative impact of alterations like damming and mining on river morphodynamics and carbon storage. This research provides valuable insights into the complex interactions within fluvial corridors, contributing to our understanding of carbon cycling in these critical ecosystems.

How to cite: Camporeale, C., Bassani, F., and Salerno, L.: Long-term Dynamics of Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Meandering Rivers through Remote Sensing, Numerical Modeling, and Stochastic Processes, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-11424, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-11424, 2024.

Climate variability is a significant driver of flood events. However, geomorphological changes in river channels, including variations in local and upstream sediment supply, play a crucial role in determining flood conveyance capacity and flood stage variations. The interplay between hydrology and geomorphology, and their relative impact on flood conveyance, can vary in different river systems depending on both the degree of internal channel dynamics and the nature and magnitude of external forcings. For example, rates of bank erosion, vegetation establishment on bar surfaces, and overbank sedimentation control the time required for floodplain reworking, the adjustment of channel morphology and the associated evolution of river flow conveyance capacity and stage-discharge relations.

To investigate the relative significance of hydrological and geomorphological controls on flood-stage variability, we employ a new computationally-efficient model of river and floodplain morphodynamics. This model simulates the evolution of river morphology and flow conveyance capacity by representing the interaction between processes of bank erosion, floodplain construction and river bed-level change over multiple centuries. The simple nature of the model enables its application at large spatial scales – e.g., to explore global variations in the controls on flood conveyance and its sensitivity to future environmental change. Simulated changes in conveyance capacity for a range of environmental settings were evaluated against trends in observed river gauging datasets. Convergent cross-mapping analysis was then applied to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between controlling factors, including: (i) hydrologic regime; (ii) river sediment load; (iii) floodplain composition (e.g., fine versus coarse sediment); and (iv) lateral river dynamics (e.g., rates of erosion and accretion). Our analysis quantifies the causality between these factors and the resulting variability in river morphology (width and bed level), flood stage and channel conveyance capacity. Results indicate that in dynamic river systems, while the importance of climate-driven hydrological changes in driving conveyance capacity changes are acknowledged, geomorphological changes – specifically, variations in sediment supply and lateral sediment sources – may dominate over climate-driven trends.

How to cite: Vahidi, E., Nicholas, A., Ashworth, P., Boothroyd, R., Bennett, G., Cloke, H., Darby, S., Delorme, P., Griffith, H., Gebrechorkos, S., Hawker, L., Leyland, J., Liu, Y., McLelland, S., Neal, J., Parsons, D., Slater, L., and Wortmann, M.: Assessing the relative importance of hydrological and geomorphological controls on river flood conveyance at a global scale, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-10238, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-10238, 2024.

This study shows how experimental results provide fundamental insights in the challenge of river revitalisation, and thus represent a powerful tool to guide engineers’ actions. Results concerns a study case, namely the “Wiese Vital” project, a restoration project in Basel area (Switzerland), with the objectives of safeguarding Basel's drinking water supply while revitalizing its watercourse and providing flood protection.

The planned revitalisation measures involve the reconstruction of the Wiese riverbed, the introduction of structures to improve its morphological variability and the replenishment of fine sediment to improve the spawning habitat of native fishes.

The new Wiese riverbed will consist of a coarser sediment layer, about 1.2 meters deep, overlaying a layer of finer sediments, meant to protect the underlaying aquifer from undesirable water infiltrations and thus to ensure Basel's drinking water supply safety. The stability of the coarser layer was investigated using a physical model in scale 1 to 20, built in the hydraulic hall of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland.

Experiments investigated the stability of the coarse protective layer in presence and in absences of revitalization measures: with and without “ecological” structures and before and after the addition of fine sediments.

Results revealed that wrong placement of “ecological” structures can cause local erosion and threaten the stability of the riverbed. Moreover, they provided useful insights on the response of a coarser riverbed to the input of fine sediments.

How to cite: Unrau, S., Venuleo, S., Derungs, G., and Lebrenz, H.: Investigating river-restoration-effects on riverbed-stability by physical modelling, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-10883, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-10883, 2024.

During floods, the drift of floating debris is a common phenomenon that may exacerbate the flood con-sequences. These objects often have the potential to induce clogging, particularly when they accumulate at bridge piers and obstruct river flow. Accurately predicting such clogging or other interaction with fixed structures is essential for enhancing flood risk assessment and management.
To effectively model their effect, the fundamental dynamics of floating objects must be investigated, as well as debris-structures interactions. The latter requires a model for obstacle generation, collision detec-tion and simulation of the influence of collisions on the debris dynamics. Besides, detailed validation against high quality laboratory data is a prerequisite before considering reliable model application to real-world rivers. 
In this research, improvements have been brought to the Lagrangian modelling of large floating debris colliding with fixed obstacles. A promising approach involves discretizing obstacles into rectangles, for which the mathematical description of the collision process is known. Furthermore, the proposed method reproduces the effect of collisions by adjusting the debris dynamics rather than forcing its trajectory after collision. The debris motion modelled by the developed 2D Lagrangian model leads to plausible trajecto-ries, generally in agreement with experimental data. The model also succeeds in recreating clogging situa-tions. Precise consideration of collision dynamics makes it possible to distinguish between temporary and permanent clogging, depending on certain parameters such as the adopted geometry and the debris size. Extra developments are still necessary for extending these findings to the context of real-world rivers.

How to cite: Sansen, D., Archambeau, P., Pirotton, M., Erpicum, S., and Dewals, B.: Lagrangian description for the drift of large floating debris in rivers during floods, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-17477, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-17477, 2024.

Hundreds of millions of people live close to, and depend upon, the world's large rivers for water, food, transport and the maintenance of a thriving ecosystem. However, these rivers are increasingly vulnerable to the effects of a wide range of natural and human-induced disturbances, including climate change, construction of large dams, river engineering works, deforestation, agricultural intensification, and mining activity. Over the past two decades, climate change and deforestation have impacted on the hydrology and sediment fluxes within the Amazon River Basin, and yet, the Amazon has remained one of the few large river systems that has been largely unaffected by dams. Nevertheless, because of extensive hydropower dam construction in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador now threatens the basin, with more 300 dams planned or under construction, this situation is changing rapidly. These dams are expected to trigger severe hydro-physical and ecological disturbances throughout the basin, including massive reductions in sediment and nutrient delivery to the lowland Amazon and its floodplains, substantial degradation of riverbeds and banks, significant changes in river water levels and flooding, and adverse impacts on river and floodplain ecosystems, on which the human population depends. There is a pressing need for action to assess and mitigate these impacts. However, our capacity to do this is severely restricted by an absence of quantitative models that can predict how environmental disturbances propagate through large rivers and floodplains, over continental distances, and decadal to centennial time periods. A key challenge in this respect is the need to develop models that are both physically-realistic and also computationally-efficient. The latter is critical for model application at the basin scale, and in order to derive large simulation ensembles that account for the substantial uncertainty in model parameters and environmental boundary conditions. We report here on the development and evaluation of such a model that operates at coarse spatial (10 km) and temporal (daily to annual) resolutions. Our new modelling approach simulates changes in river morphology (mean width, depth and slope), channel-belt topography (expressed as an elevation frequency distribution), and associated changes in flow conveyance, channel-floodplain connectivity and sediment delivery to downstream reaches. Model predictions are compared with, and evaluated against, simulations of river response to dam construction generated using a high-resolution physics-based modelling approach (with spatial and temporal resolutions of 50 m and <10 seconds). This comparison demonstrates that our new simplified model is able to reproduce the key trends in river evolution simulated by the physics-based model, and their dependence on the magnitude of the shift in hydrologic regime and sediment trapping efficiency for a range of environmental scenarios. Consequently, this new model may provide a suitable approach with which to evaluate the propagation of morphodynamic disturbances at the scale of very large basins, such as the Amazon.  

How to cite: Gasparotto, A., Nicholas, A., Aalto, R., Ashworth, P., Best, J., Brückner, M., and Paes de Almeida, R.: Propagation of hydro-geomorphic disturbances through continental-scale river basins, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-17425, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-17425, 2024.

River deltas provide ecosystem services that are vital to the world's population, supporting both lives and livelihoods. However, these low-lying areas face heightened vulnerability to the effects of climate change and increasing sea levels; a vulnerability further intensified by local resource exploitation. In recent decades, population growth, urbanization, and economic development have cause a surge in the demand for natural sand and hydropower. Sand mining across lowland rivers and deltas alongside river impoundment in upstream catchments is resulting in the rapid incision of riverbeds. These cumulative impacts, coupled with alterations in input hydrological conditions and rising sea levels at the delta front, have the potential to cause considerable disruptions in the flow hydraulics at the delta scale and alter related water-level dynamics many kilometres from the coastal zone. Despite numerous studies into anthropogenic influence in delta evolution, a significant knowledge gap persists regarding how the combination of stressors that drive river bed lowering influences alterations in water level across lowland rivers and deltas.

In this paper, we utilize long-term observation data to examine the relationships between water level and water discharge in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Assessing these relationships across both spatial and temporal dimensions allows us to determine the effects of riverbed lowering from 1998 to 2018 while identifying the main hydrological and morphological drivers and impacts of these changes. In addition, we employ a 1D hydraulic modelling routine to assess the projected progression of riverbed degradation in the future, and assess the likely impacts of the water level regimes in the entire lower Mekong River and Delta, extending from Kratie to coastal Vietnam. Our results suggest that the delta's historical river bed lowering of approximately 3.06 m from 1998 to 2018 has led to simultaneous declines in mean water levels of approximately 0.65 m and an increase in the mean tidal range by approximately 0.19 m. The reduction in water level is more pronounced in the landward direction, whereas the increased tidal range is more prominent in the seaward direction. Under anticipated future scenarios, where the riverbed lowering is projected to average around 5.92 m compared to the conditions in 1998, there could be declines in mean water level of approximately 1.27 m, while, the maximum water level reduction upstream may reach 3.73 m. Simultaneously, the mean tidal range is expected to increase by approximately 0.46 m, with the maximum rise potentially reaching more than 1 m in the downstream delta region.

There are very significant implications of these trends which include a potential reduction in the level of flooding in landward parts of the delta but very significant consequences associated with tidal flood hazard seaward, as well as associated impacts such as the disconnection of channels from floodplains, decreased efficiency of infrastructure and irrigation works, an elevated risk of storm surge hazards, as well as the increased likelihood of water salinization.

How to cite: Le Quan, Q., Vasilopoulos, G., Hackney, C., Coulthard, T., Nguyen Nghia, H., and Parsons, D.: Water Level Lowering and Increased Tidal Influence in the Mekong Delta driven by Human-Induced Riverbed Incision   , EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1296, 2024.

The Antamok River in the Philippines experienced a complex geomorphic response to Typhoon Mangkhut in September 2018, which triggered >500 landslides in the Ambalanga catchment. Landslides are known to influence channel geometry by delivering large amounts of sediment. However, the interaction between landslide sediment delivery and channel geomorphic change during extreme events is poorly understood and rarely examined in tropical settings. The study catchment also has a legacy of anthropogenic modifications, such as the presence of extensive small-scale mining and tailings storage facilities (TSFs) from large-scale mining activities.

The aim of this study was to use a mapping and modelling approach to test the hypothesis that landslide sediment delivery is a major control on channel geomorphic change. To accomplish this, we have applied the multi-phase model r.avaflow to a reach along the Antamok River encompassing the highest density of landslides and where it displayed a highly dynamic channel morphology. Landslide sediment delivery and TSFs are represented within r.avaflow by digitising areas of mapped landslides, allowing sediment to be delivered into the channel as well as being transported by the flow. To account for modelling uncertainty, we also tested the influence of several key-parameters by carrying out a sensitivity analysis.

Using the approach described, r.avaflow was used to simulate the effects of landslide delivery and TSFs on channel erosion and deposition during the typhoon event. Results showed a good agreement between observed and simulated channel width change. When compared with traditional methods (e.g., unit stream power), the model results were considerably more accurate and consistent with observations. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis suggested that simulations are dependent on the type of sediment and physical processes considered, whilst other parameters only had negligible effects.

Overall, the model simulations suggested that the impact of landslide and TSF sequences is highly dependent on the amount of sediment delivered by landslides, and a multi-phase model such as r.avaflow is possibly one of the most appropriate tools for simulating active channel width changes. Further research using these mapping and modelling tools is needed to better understand the contribution of sediment supply on channel geomorphic change during extreme events, that are otherwise difficult to observe and model.

How to cite: Panici, D., Bennett, G., Boothroyd, R., Abancó, C., Williams, R., Tan, F., and Matera, M.: Modelling channel geomorphic change from landslide sediment delivery during Typhoon Mangkhut in the Philippines, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-20827, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-20827, 2024.

River management and regulations can significantly impact the dynamic nature of gravel bars in rivers. The aim of this research is to identify changes in gravel bar morphodynamics including vegetation cover succession in three Czech rivers: the Odra and two of its tributaries. The spatiotemporal analysis focuses on the most recent years 2000-2020 and compares them with historical conditions (1937-1994 in the Odra and from the 1950s in the Olše and Ostravice). Additionally, we aimed to determine how society perceives gravel bars as features in river channels. We analysed gravel bar spatiotemporal morphodynamics using orthophotos and associated hydrological data. The survey of public perception included two sets of photographs depicting regulated and natural environments at different stages of vegetation growth, and assessed perceptions of naturalness, recreation, aesthetics, and vegetation.

The historical state of gravel bars showed naturally dynamic gravel bars with great variability of vegetation cover throughout the years. However, the recent period has demonstrated an increasing trend in vegetation cover with disruptions following the 2010 and 2014 floods and leading to temporary decreases of vegetation, notably in the two gravel-bed tributaries. The meandering Odra river conversely exhibited an uninterrupted upward trend. Additionally, the regulated sections of the Odra featured significantly less gravel bar area compared to natural sections. In the public survey, 239 respondents expressed a preference for gravel bars in natural river section. They particularly preferred those with abundant vegetation cover, across all assessed criteria. Unvegetated gravel bars were indicated to be preferable if they were either vegetated or removed from the river channel. Our research emphasizes the unfavourable viewpoint of society towards gravel bars with limited or no vegetation and preference of highly vegetated bars that is a direct reflection of recent trend toward a substantial increase in vegetation-covered gravel bars or loss of gravel bars. These findings highlight the loss or degradation of ecologically valuable habitats and society's misconception about gravel bars, which may affect future conservation efforts of these features.

How to cite: Holušová, A., Galia, T., Poledniková, Z., and Vaverka, L.: The trend of gravel bars' degradation in the last two decades is perceived positively by society, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-9362, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9362, 2024.

The construction of the reservoir has destroyed the equilibrium of the natural river and promoted the siltation of a large amount of sediment in the reservoir. The longitudinal profile after reservoir siltation will have a great impact on the amount of the reservoir siltation, the retention of effective reservoir capacity, and the raise of water elevation caused by the backwater effect. Therefore, the estimation of the longitudinal profile is of great significance to the calculation of the reservoir sedimentation. For mountain rivers, the amount of bed load usually accounts for a large proportion of the total sediment load, which affects the longitudinal bed profile after dam construction. Because the amount and gradation data of bed load are often not available, the effects of bed load transport on the longitudinal profile of reservoir sedimentation cannot be accurately simulated. Until now, how bed load transport influences the longitudinal profile of reservoir sedimentation has not been fully understood. The motivation of our study is to clarify the effects of bed load transport on the longitudinal bed profile of reservoir sedimentation.

We use a 1D mathematical model to study the evolution of the longitudinal bed profile after dam construction to answer the question. Various scenarios with different boundary conditions are considered to analyze the effects of bed load, such as the amount, gradation and distribution during the year, on the longitudinal bed profile after dam construction. Our results show the effect of the amount of bed load on the longitudinal bed profile of reservoir sedimentation.is greater than that of bed load gradation and distribution during the year. In the early stage of reservoir operation, the influence of the bed load transport on the longitudinal profile is negligible. With the increase of operation time, the effects of bed load becomes more and more significant. The larger the amount of bed load, the higher the bed elevation, and the larger the slope of the riverbed near the dam. For areas with large initial topographic slopes, the greater the bed load amount, the smaller the slope of the riverbed after siltation. In contrast, the effects of bed load gradation and distribution during the year.on the longitudinal bed profile of reservoir sedimentation is not significant.

How to cite: Zeng, X. and Yuan, Y.: How does bed load transport influence the longitudinal profile of reservoir sedimentation?, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-19762, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19762, 2024.

Mediterranean environments are significantly shaped by human activities, and the morphology of rivers often reflects centuries of human intervention for land development. Previous studies, spanning decades, have highlighted the drastic river adjustments in the Italian landscape. These adjustments often reflect the man-induced land use changes within the drainage basin. The analysis of the rivers in Tuscany site (central Italy), has revealed profound changes, especially in terms of channel bed narrowing and incision. This work present the fluvial system scale analysis of the anthropogenic impact in the Upper Orcia Valley (southern Tuscany), that undergone a huge land reclamation, as evidenced by the archives of the Land Reclamation Authority, established in 1929. Accelerated erosion landforms, such as calanchi and biancane badlands, have been extensively reduced by this intervention. Consequently, a multitemporal analysis indicates a decreasing trend in erosion rates over the recent decades, accompanied by an increase in agricultural and forested areas and a narrowing of river channels. To comprehend the role of land cover and land use changes in river dynamics, the results of a multitemporal geomorphological survey and an analysis of land use changes were compared with spatio-temporal computation and analysis of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), commonly used in ecology to gauge the impact of green biomass on soil erosion. 
NDVI was computed using Landsat and Sentinel multispectral imagery (Landsat 1-2-4-5-8 and Sentinel-2), selecting images acquired every 5 years in May, corresponding to the Start of Seasons (SOS) month, within the 1975-2021 timeframe. The results revealed a general decrease in bare lands and a significant increase in dense vegetation cover. The overlap this data with multitemporal geomorphological mapping demonstrated a recolonization by forests along main riverbeds and in badland areas, indicating a reduction in sediment supply from hillslopes, possibly causing the observed channel narrowing and incision trends along main rivers. These findings can be attributed to increased land use for agriculture, artificial reforestation, and the gradual abandonment of rural areas, leading to the recent reconquest of broad-leaved forests.

How to cite: Sannino, A., Vergari, F., Iacobucci, G., and Del Monte, M.: Analyzing anthropogenic impact on river morphodynamics in the Upper Orcia Valley (central italy) through multitemporal NDVI assessment, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-9610, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9610, 2024.

The study of the historical evolution of rivers is a requirement for their sustainable management.  This work aims to investigate the historical geomorphological evolution and the present evolutionary trends of the valley portion of the Serio River (Lombardia, Italy) in order to propose a sustainable management of its river corridor. In particular, we focus on the planimetric evolution of the active channel from 1954 until today through the analysis of: (i) channel morphological configuration, (ii) variation of channel width, and (iii) bank erosion rates.

Analyses were based on multi-temporal orthophoto mapping in GIS environment (with the highest temporal resolution over the last 25 years) along a valley segment of about 80 km.

Results show that in 1954 the Serio River was characterised by a braided pattern in the segment flowing through the high plain and by a sinuous-meandering in the segment flowing through the lower plain. In the sinuous and meandering segment, where the morphology configuration did not change over time, the active channel width decreased from a maximum of about 80 m in 1954 to a minimum of about 35 m until the 1970s-80s and then it remained stable due to the construction of anthropogenic works along the banks. The braided reach narrowed from a maximum of about 350 m in 1954 to a minimum of about 130 m in 1988, with decreases in the braiding index. By the 1990s, active channel width alternated phases of widening and narrowing (between about 10 m and 40 m). Correspondence between the widening and the occurrence of flood events was observed. Moreover, the high river dynamic, with a continuous lateral migration of the active channel, resulted in bank erosions that locally reaches up to 100 metres in a time interval of 1-5 years.

The final outcome of this study was to propose integrated management solution aiming at the mitigation of geomorphic hazards and at the improvement of the morphological status of the river, through the delineation of areas of potential future lateral erosion.

How to cite: Pittau, S., Rinaldi, M., Simonelli, T., and Scorpio, V.: Geomorphological analysis of the Serio River aimed at its sustainable management, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-6363, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-6363, 2024.

How to cite: Tunnicliffe, J., Bielby, S., and Clearwater, S.: The link between river planform confinement and an altered energy gradient: pathways to revitalisation for the Waikanae River, Aotearoa New Zealand, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-16078, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16078, 2024.

Sediment augmentation is an increasingly popular strategy for restoring rivers, mitigating flooding, and improving fish habitat. However, it is still unclear where along a river sediment seeding produces effective results, or what the fate of sediment is once placed under different flow conditions. Using a set of flume experiments conducted on a scaled pool-riffle reach, we assess the evolution of the planned augmented sediment cover in the Penticton Creek restoration project in British Columbia, Canada. We investigated three sediment seeding patterns described based on the seeding locations through the pool as: Head-seed (HS), tail-seed (TS), and full-seed (FS). For each seed pattern, the reach response to flood events with magnitudes ranging from 2- to 100-year return discharges was assessed. Our results show that while the FS channels are superior at retaining alluvial materials during low floods (i.e., 2-yr), they rapidly lose this ability as the flood magnitude increases. Examining maps of bed erosion reveals that in the FS channels, nearly all the pool area is vulnerable to a high risk of bed scour during high flood events. However, the bed scour only occurred in the HS and TS channels at locations where sediment had been seeded, dispersing eroded materials throughout the pool area. Our findings suggest that for restoring fish habitat in channels with limited sediment supplies, HS and TS seeding patterns are more effective at mitigating the risk of bed erosion during extreme floods. From a practical perspective, an HS or TS needs less sediment to complete than an FS channel, providing a more economic strategy for restoring channels.

How to cite: Alghorani, N., Papangelakis, E., Pearson, K., Hassan, M. A., and Mueller, L.: Using a scaled model to assess the performance of different sediment augmentation strategies in a restored channel, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-37, 2024.