SSP4.2 | Reconstructing Past Biodiversity, Environments and Climate using the Fossil Record
EDI
Reconstructing Past Biodiversity, Environments and Climate using the Fossil Record
Convener: Luke Strotz | Co-conveners: Timothy Topper, Yue LiangECSECS, Marissa BettsECSECS, Sam SlaterECSECS
Orals
| Mon, 15 Apr, 16:15–18:00 (CEST)
 
Room -2.20
Posters on site
| Attendance Tue, 16 Apr, 10:45–12:30 (CEST) | Display Tue, 16 Apr, 08:30–12:30
 
Hall X3
Posters virtual
| Attendance Tue, 16 Apr, 14:00–15:45 (CEST) | Display Tue, 16 Apr, 08:30–18:00
 
vHall X3
Orals |
Mon, 16:15
Tue, 10:45
Tue, 14:00
The fossil record provides a robust archive of changes in biotic communities, environmental conditions and climatic patterns over time. This session aims to bring together the broad spectrum of researchers that utilise palaeontological data, both marine and terrestrial, with the goal of showcasing the latest research demonstrating how fossils can be used to reconstruct Earth history, and identifying best practices in the application of fossil data to broader questions in the bio- and geosciences.

We welcome submissions across a wide range of topics, including, but not limited to: palaeobiology; palaeoecology; macroevolution; biostratigraphy; past environmental and climatic change reconstructed from fossil data; mass extinction events; and methodological advances in palaeontological research. We especially encourage multi-disciplinary studies, particularly those studies where fossil faunal and/or floral data are combined with, and interpreted in light of, geochemical and other geological proxies.

Orals: Mon, 15 Apr | Room -2.20

Chairpersons: Luke Strotz, Marissa Betts, Sam Slater
16:15–16:20
16:20–16:30
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EGU24-11329
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On-site presentation
Andrej Spiridonov, Shaun Lovejoy, Lauras Balakauskas, and Liudas Daumantas

The fossil record is the only direct source of information of the evolution, ecology, and biogeography of non-avian dinosaurs. The taphonomy is the science of the study of transition of biological information in to the stratigraphical record. The stratigraphical record is characterized by multiscale spatial and temporal structure. The largest scale structures are often called “megabiases”. Here we study the structure of megabiases of the dinosaurian fossil record from the Paleobiology Database in time as well as in space. We found a strong tendency of dinosaur occurrences to cluster at tectonic plate boundaries. Moreover, there are systemic temporal differences in the degree of this outward distribution of occurrences which are related to the sea level and the degree of tectonic fragmentation. Finally, we used spatial distributional patterns in simulating occurrences, and determined the effects of such inhomogeneities on the accuracy of determination of bioprovinces using newly developed R package ‘HespDiv’ for contiguous spatial cluster analysis.

The study was supported by the grant by S-MIP-21-9 “The role of spatial structuring in major transitions in macroevolution”.

How to cite: Spiridonov, A., Lovejoy, S., Balakauskas, L., and Daumantas, L.: Tectonic drivers of the scaling dinosaurian fossil record, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-11329, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-11329, 2024.

16:30–16:40
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EGU24-9546
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On-site presentation
New age constraints on the Early Oligocene flora diversity and surface uplift of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
(withdrawn)
Xilin Sun, Wenna Ding, Klaudia Kuiper, Yuntao Tian, Zengjie Zhang, Rujun Guo, and Jan Wijbrans
16:40–16:50
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EGU24-1872
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Yu Wu, Stephen Pates, Xingliang Zhang, and Dongjing Fu

Radiodonts, a diverse clade of early Palaeozoic stem-group euarthropods, have provided critical information on early euarthropod evolution, and were important constituents of early animal ecosystems. The well-known Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Cambrian Stage 3, c. 518 Ma) has yielded the highest known diversity of radiodonts of any Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstätten, and represents a crucial deposit for radiodont research. One important but generally overlooked Chengjiang radiodont taxon, previously identified as Anomalocaris sp. or Radiodont C, is herein designated as the type species of a new monotypic genus, Shucaris ankylosskelos gen. et sp. nov. based on dozens of specimens. Shucaris is distinctive for its combination of several characters, including the strong curvature of frontal appendage, presence of two pairs of endites on proximalmost claw podomere, posteriorly-inward curved endites on proximal five claw podomeres, and most strikingly the coexistence of gnathobase-like structures and oral cone. Phylogenetic analysis retrieves Shucaris as either an early diverging member of Anomalocarididae or as sister to the clade Anomalocarididae + Amplectobeluidae. Moreover, our phylogenetic analysis also supports the divergence between hurdiid and non-hurdiid radiodonts. This study not only illuminates the early diversification of Radiodonta, but also provides new insights into the radiodont systematics and phylogeny.

How to cite: Wu, Y., Pates, S., Zhang, X., and Fu, D.: A new radiodont from the lower Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China informs the evolution of feeding structures in radiodonts, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-1872, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1872, 2024.

16:50–17:00
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EGU24-486
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Aaron Kilmury

Community zonation of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (WIS) of North America has been suggested for bivalves, cephalopods, foraminifera, gastropods, and tetrapods. Most proposed WIS community zones consist of a northern and southern subprovince with a gradational boundary in central or south-central North America. Since it has been over three decades since the WIS community zonation hypothesis has been investigated for vertebrates, new information including recent radiometric age determinations, taxonomic revisions, additional fossil discoveries, and recently available online museum specimen catalogues allow for testing of the community zonation hypothesis using an updated dataset. Community percent similarities were calculated between time-averaged, lithostratigraphic unit faunal assemblages of the Manitoba escarpment and other WIS localities using Percent Similarity coefficients calculated from relative abundance data as well as Sorensen’s Coefficients of Communities calculated from presence-absence data on the generic and species levels for comparisons. Additionally, nine time bins were used to represent nine Upper Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units of the Manitoba escarpment to test the zonation hypothesis consistency for nearly the entire Late Cretaceous time interval (~71-95 Ma). Relatively high genus-level community similarity values (25-50%) of south-central WIS localities and low values (<20%) of localities furthest north and south support the existence of a central subprovince during Late Cenomanian to Early Turonian and Late Coniacian to Early Campanian times, when the gradational subprovincial boundary would have been furthest south between the Kansas and Texas localities in the USA. Comparatively low genus-level community similarity values (<25%) of all localities south of Manitoba, Canada during mid-Cenomanian and Early to mid-Campanian times indicate the southern subprovincial boundary was furthest north between the Manitoba and South Dakota, USA localities during these time intervals and had migrated throughout the Late Cretaceous. This work highlights significant fluctuations in vertebrate community zonation throughout the WIS through time and space and offers insight into the magnitude of compositional changes that can occur in shallow marine vertebrate communities over a nearly 25 million year interval. Recent work addressing the collection biases apparent in existing museum collections of Cretaceous vertebrate fossils, including preferential sampling of large size classes and certain geologic units, highlights the increased discovery potential of addressing fossil collection biases and the valuable insight into ancient ecosystems that can be obtained.

How to cite: Kilmury, A.: Vertebrate Biogeography of the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian) Western Interior Seaway of North America by Percent Community Similarity with the Faunal Assemblages of south-central Canada, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-486, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-486, 2024.

17:00–17:10
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EGU24-9478
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On-site presentation
Sylvain Richoz, Isaline Demangel, Zsófia Kovács, and Ingrid Urban

Calcareous nannoplankton is the most productive calcifying organism nowadays and has a tremendous influence on the climate and the seawater chemistry, as a biological pump and as a regulator of surface ocean alkalinity. Modelling studies neglected this group as a potential influencer before the Jurassic, while first quantitative paleontological studies suggested that already before the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, calcareous nannofossils reached rock-forming abundance and influenced the oceanic system. To resolve this contradiction, we investigated quantitatively the calcareous nannofossil assemblages by light and scanning electron microscope in one Romanian (~50°N) section, six Austrian (25°N) sections, one section from Turkey (palaeo-equator), six sections from Oman (20°S) and one in Australia (30°S). In parallel, geochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of diagenesis on the preservation of the sediments and calcareous nannofossils. Further, isotopic measurements were performed for strontium, calcium, carbon and oxygen to better constrain the environmental conditions during the early evolution of the calcareous nannoplankton.

After the oldest occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil during the Carnian, the nannolith Prinsiosphaera triassica first appears and dominates the assemblage with a low abundance, during the Norian. It increases slightly in abundance during the lower Rhaetian, followed by a small-scale short-term increase during the middle Rhaetian and reaches rock-forming abundance only in the upper Rhaetian. The abundance of P. triassica is affected by the occurrence of a second nannolith, Eoconusphaera hallstattensis, in the lower Rhaetian. The coccolithophorids are present in low abundance, increasing slightly in the middle Rhaetian. After the first record of coccoliths in the middle Norian, the oldest Crucirhabdus minutus and Archaeozygodiscus koessenensis were observed in the upper Norian and the FOD of Crucirhabdus primulus was recorded in the lower Rhaetian. These observations suggest a rather slow temporal diversification of the first coccolithophorids with only three speciation in ~ 10 million years.

From the latest Norian to the lower Rhaetian, both the 87Sr/86Sr and δ44/40Ca record a sharp trend towards unradiogenic values. The strong correlation between the strontium and calcium isotopic systems indicates a connection through the same driving processes. In opposition, the δ13Ccarb is quite stable around this interval. Our hypothesis explaining these observations is the dissolution of carbonate and evaporite due to a major sea-level fall around the Norian-Rhaetian boundary. On the contrary, the longer-term 87Sr/86Sr and δ13C isotopic trends are compatible with the incipient break-up of the Pangea supercontinent.

Comparing the calcareous nannofossil abundance and isotopic composition results, no clear correlations were observed. Theoretically, the increasing proportion of calcareous nannofossils in the sediments should have influenced the carbon and calcium isotopic composition. The lack of correlation suggests a limited role of the calcareous nannoplankton in global geochemical cycles during the Late Triassic and a significant contribution to shifting the major carbonate production from the shallow seas to the open marine realm only during the Jurassic.

How to cite: Richoz, S., Demangel, I., Kovács, Z., and Urban, I.: The emergence of pelagic calcification in the Upper Triassic and their impact on biogeochemical cycles, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-9478, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9478, 2024.

17:10–17:20
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EGU24-901
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Yana Jia, Hong Yan, Jibao Dong, Yajie Dong, and Shugang Kang

ABSTRACT 

Terrestrial mollusks in loess-paleosol sequences serve as natural biological archives that document the evolution of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. In this study, terrestrial mollusk records from two loess-paleosol profiles on the southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) were analyzed. Our results show that the cold-aridiphilous species decreased and the mollusk communities expanded gradually during the last deglaciation (~19.0-11.5 ka BP), which was accompanied with the shift from cold-dry to warm-humid climate. In the early-middle Holocene (~11.5-6.5 ka BP), mollusk communities were dominated by the thermo-humidiphilous and warmth-loving species, characterized with stable community composition, increased species richness and evenness. Thereafter, there was a noticeable decrease in species diversity and increase in the cold-aridiphilous species in the late Holocene (~6.5-0 ka BP), associated with a gradual shift towards cold-dry climate. Notably, the count of thermo-humidiphilous and warmth-loving species increased remarkably at ~16 ka BP, which is synchronously with significant increase in the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Interestingly, this change of terrestrial mollusks preceded the rise in magnetic susceptibility and decrease of mean grain size for ~6.5 ka, suggesting that the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation intensification lagged the onset of deglacial warming on the southeastern CLP. Furthermore, this delay may be attributed to the negative feedback of North Atlantic meltwater, which caused a decline in the intensity of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and inhibited the rapid enhancement of EASM precipitation during the initial of last deglaciation. Altogether, this provides crucial geological background evidence for exploring the regional hydrothermal responses to global climate change.

Key words: Terrestrial mollusk; Loess-paleosol; Species diversity; Paleoclimate; Deglacial warming

How to cite: Jia, Y., Yan, H., Dong, J., Dong, Y., and Kang, S.: Paleoclimatic and eco-environmental changes on the southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau since the last deglaciation: evidence from terrestrial mollusk records , EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-901, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-901, 2024.

17:20–17:30
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EGU24-2427
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Fan Liu, Timothy P Topper, Luke C Strotz, Yue Liang, Yazhou Hu, Christian B Skovsted, and Zhifei Zhang

Hyolitha is a group of extinct invertebrates, the most dominant benthic animals within the Cambrian evolutionary fauna, forming part of the Palaeozoic evolutionary fauna. Hyoliths are generally divided into two groups, Orthothecida and Hyolithida. They originated in the Terreneuvian and experienced a rapid diversification during the Cambrian Explosion but reached a diversity bottleneck during the Cambrian extinction (Sinsk Event). Hyoliths were characterised by low disparity beginning from the Ordovician and got extinct in the Permian. Factors that affected the evolutionary pattern of Palaeozoic hyoliths from the early domination period up to extinction are poorly known. Herein, we collected material on 148 Palaeozoic hyolith genera from around the world and documented their key morphological characters and distributions. Combined with the phylogenetic analysis based on a matrix of morphological characters, the nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) using the Paleontological Statistics Software Package, and palaeobiogeographical data, we intended to analyse the biodiversity changes during the evolutionary history of hyoliths and uncover the influence of morphological selectivity in different palaeoenvironments, from the Cambrian to the Permian.

Our results showed that the Cambrian taxa occupied quite a different morphospace compared to that of the Ordovician-Permian assemblages. The morphology of the early Cambrian hyoliths was mainly simple, comprising long conical weakly ornamented tubes. They radiated worldwide during the Cambrian ‘Epoch 2’, reaching high disparity and diversity, but faced a disadvantageous situation after the mid-Cambrian. The younger genera with strong ornamentation usually showed low diversity and provincialism during the Ordovician. The morphological shift from a simple conical tube morphology with weak ornamentation (orthothecids of the early Cambrian) to a complex morphology with distinct venter and dorsal pyramidal conch and strong ornamentation from the late Cambrian up to the Permian reflects ecological evolution of the hyoliths. This was accompanied by a change of their feeding habits from active deposit-feeding to passive suspension/filter feeding and a change in conch configuration from rheophilic to non-rheophilic.

How to cite: Liu, F., Topper, T. P., Strotz, L. C., Liang, Y., Hu, Y., Skovsted, C. B., and Zhang, Z.: The morphological disparity, ecological evolution and palaeobiogeography of Palaeozoic hyoliths, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-2427, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-2427, 2024.

17:30–17:40
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EGU24-8484
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Jeremy McCormack, Michael L. Griffiths, Harry Maisch IV, Martin A. Becker, Nicolas Bourgon, Klervia Jaouen, Benjamin T. Fuller, Jürgen Pollerspöck, Oliver Hampe, Iris Feichtinger, Wolfgang Müller, and Kenshu Shimada

Reconstructing ancient food web structures and trophic interactions of extinct taxa is challenging and typically relies on rare fossil evidence such as preserved bite marks, stomach content or faeces. In addition, trophic and diet inferences may be drawn from an anatomical approach, i.e., functional morphology. Yet none of these methods alone can decisively identify the overall diet nor can they quantify a species’ trophic position. To address these uncertainties we utilize new geochemical methods to identify an animal’s trophic position on timescales of millions of years from the analyses of dental enamel(oid). Here we focus on zinc isotope ratios (66Zn/64Zn), reported as δ66Zn value, a trophic-level proxy that is increasingly being applied in archaeological and palaeobiological research. Specifically, we use enamel(oid) δ66Zn values to investigate ancient marine food web structures and the roles of their inhabitants in them, including gigantic extinct predators. Extinct gigantic Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine predators reaching sizes beyond any macropredatory animal existing today have no apparent modern counterparts. Indeed their size alone may imply a very different resource use for these animals or ecosystem structures vastly different from present ones.

The diet and trophic position of the megatooth shark Otodus megalodon is still subject of debate and is often linked to its evolution towards gigantism and its extinction. Here we present novel Early Miocene megatoothed shark δ66Zn values from the enameloid of O. megalodon and Otodus chubutensis teeth from two time-equivalent localities in the Paratethys in comparison to the isotopic composition of 20 other sympatric marine vertebrate species with variable trophic ecology and dietary preferences. The inclusion of a larger number of taxa permits a more robust reconstruction of food web dynamics amongst its inhabitants, along with greater insight into the ecological roles of dietary-ambiguous extinct taxa and related length of extinct food chains. We thus contextualise the trophic position of O. megalodon/chubutensis within its food web in greater detail than previously possible. In general, our results support the notion that O. megalodon/chubutensis occupied a high trophic position, though possibly not as high as previously estimated. Perhaps more importantly in terms of its evolution, our findings suggest that Otodus possessed a higher dietary flexibility on a population level than previously understood.

How to cite: McCormack, J., Griffiths, M. L., Maisch IV, H., Becker, M. A., Bourgon, N., Jaouen, K., Fuller, B. T., Pollerspöck, J., Hampe, O., Feichtinger, I., Müller, W., and Shimada, K.: Applying zinc isotopes to investigate the trophic positions of extinct marine vertebrates, including the megatooth shark Otodus megalodon, in ancient marine ecosystems, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-8484, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-8484, 2024.

17:40–17:50
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EGU24-9495
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Kaiyue He

Yunnanozoans (Yunnanozoon and Haikouella) from the early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna have been classified as stem vertebrates, cephalochordates, hemichordates, stem deuterostomes or even problematic bilaterians. The claimed ultrastructure of their branchial arches comprising cellular cartilage and fibrillin microfibers has led to speculations linking yunnanozoans to vertebrates. Raman spectrum analysis reveals that these yunnanozoans fossils experienced a maximum temperature of approximately 300°C during their geological history. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron Microscopy (TEM) of branchial arches of yunnanozoans fossils, revealed that the organic matter was preserved as homogeneous membranous organic carbonaceous films, ruling out of potential preservation of cellular cartilage and fibrillin microfibers. The integrated research incorporating ultrastructure and thermal analysis have led us to removes yunnanozoans from vertebrates.

How to cite: He, K.: Reassessing yunnanozoans from the Chengjiang fauna: Insights from ultrastructure and thermal analysis, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-9495, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9495, 2024.

17:50–18:00
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EGU24-16267
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Shirin N. Rahman, Helen King, Lonneke IJsseldijk, and Emilia Jarochowska

Marine mammals such as whales are an integral part of the oceanic ecosystems, however, 
they are also heavily affected by anthropogenic impact. In order to assess the long-term 
human impacts on modern whales, it is necessary to establish reliable baselines of their past 
and present populations.

In this study we analyzed both modern and subfossil teeth from sperm whales (Physeter 
macrocephalus) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Growth layers of the teeth were 
investigated by the use of SEM-BSE, to gain insight into the growth dynamics and age of our 
specimens. Since the tooth enamel is an important indicator of diet, migration and habitat, we
used Sr/Ca ratios to reconstruct the ecological niches of our taxa.


Raman spectroscopy was implemented to investigate teeth surface structure and 
crystallographic structure, and EDX allowed us to study the chemical composition of the teeth.
In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the ecology of modern and subfossil 
whales and an assessment of chemical and structural proxies that can be utilized.

How to cite: Rahman, S. N., King, H., IJsseldijk, L., and Jarochowska, E.: Cetacean chronicles: Exploring Ecology and Proxy Potential from whale teeth , EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-16267, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16267, 2024.

Posters on site: Tue, 16 Apr, 10:45–12:30 | Hall X3

Display time: Tue, 16 Apr, 08:30–Tue, 16 Apr, 12:30
Chairpersons: Luke Strotz, Marissa Betts, Sam Slater
X3.119
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EGU24-1111
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ECS
Rajkumar Chowdhury, Fabienne Giraud, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Julio Cesar da-Silva, Anico Kulow, Redhouane Boudjehem, Jean-Louis Hazemann, Maxime Dupraz, Javier Perez, Baptiste Suchéras-Marx, and Gaston Garbarino

Calcareous nannofossils (1-30 μm) are biomineralized calcitic remains of marine planktonic algae and are abundant in the marine sedimentary archives. Among nannofossils, the Nannoconus group was the main planktonic carbonate bio-producer in Early Cretaceous seas (~152 - ~120 Ma) with their heavy carbonate exoskeleton (~200 - 1100 picogram), responsible for massive carbonate accumulations. These massively produced bio-calcites must have certainly significantly modified the marine chemistry upon transfer to the ocean sedimentary record.

Nannoconus are conical in shape with interlocking arrangement of calcitic plates (length ~ 0.5 – 1 µm, thickness ~ 100 nm) spanned by a central canal. Different morpho-groups with different stratigraphic ranges have been recognized. However, the 3D structure of Nannoconus is not yet fully understood and needs to be investigated to analyze the inter-plates geometrical relation and reconstruct the growth pattern. Moreover, some studies show that bio-molecules, such as amino-acids, assert control on the shape of constituent elements, such as plates1, the overlapping pattern, and the inter-elemental geometrical2 relation in bio-calcified structures formed by individual components, with case studies in calcareous plankton. Similarly, an important question can be asked: Did the micro-structural arrangement of plates of Nannoconus (the bio-calcified structure) also result from a “particular biomolecule” assisted calcification? So far, there are not enough studies explaining the exoskeletal construction from the calcitic plates to answer the mentioned question. To understand the microstructure at the nanometer level, finer than the thickness of individual plate we have applied a set of Ptychography X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) with synchrotron radiation3 at SWING Beamline of SOLEIL (French synchrotron), Paris, France, on several well-preserved Nannoconus.

The experiment resulted in a series of tomographic image slices (with ~ 40 nm 3D resolution) for the whole exoskeleton of each specimen of Nannoconus. The images are combined in ORS-Dragonfly software to observe the 3-dimensional internal and external view of individual specimens and to separate a plate from each specimen of Nannoconus.

The 3D observation and the segmentation of the plates have shown different features. These plates rotate in an anticlockwise overlapping pattern with a proper angular increment between two successive plates. Such rotations lead to form layers arranged in a helical manner to create the entire exoskeleton. Each species of Nannoconus is characterised by a particular shape of the calcitic plate. Hence, the physical parameters such as anticlockwise overlapping, plate-shape, and geometrically regulated “plate-to-layers” micro-structures are very similar to structural features as seen in some bio-molecule influenced calcification1,2 This suggests that bio-molecule(s) have substantial influence in regulating the micro-structure in Nannoconus. The regulation on the micro-structure to maintain a particular geometric relation among the plates possibly controlled the numbers of plates, creating a massive exoskeleton of Nannoconus.

1Orme, C. A., et al., Nature 411.6839 (2001): 775-779, 2Jiang, W. et al., Nat. Commun. 8, 15066 (2017), 3Dierolf, M. et al., Nature 467, 436-439 (2010).

How to cite: Chowdhury, R., Giraud, F., Fernandez-Martinez, A., Cesar da-Silva, J., Kulow, A., Boudjehem, R., Hazemann, J.-L., Dupraz, M., Perez, J., Suchéras-Marx, B., and Garbarino, G.: "Bio-molecule" based calcification in Nannoconus, an extinct group of planktonic algae approximately 150 million years old, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-1111, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1111, 2024.

X3.120
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EGU24-21151
Vladislav Gajić and Ivan Dulić

Middle Miocene sediments in the South-West Banat area were identified based on deep exploration drilling. Based on the identified macrofauna, microfauna and microflora from 15 wells of southwestern Banat, detailed biostratigraphy of the Middle Miocene sediments was made. The biostratigraphy of the studied Middle Miocene sediments of southwestern Banat is based on the standard biozones and biozonations used in several areas of Central Paratethys (Petrovic, 1970; Jiricek, 1975; Papp & Schmid, 1985; Cicha i dr., 1998; Harzhauser & Piller, 2004, Harzhauser & Piller, 2007; Hohenegger i dr., 2014).

Micropaleontological studies were performed using two methods: washed residues and thin sections method. During micropaleontological studies, the semiquantitative analysis determined relative abundance of planktonic and benthic foraminifera, as well as the presence of other fossil organisms (calcareous nanoplankton, ostracodes, molluscs).

On the basis of determined foraminifera associations, two biostratigraphic zones were established into the Badenian stage and two biostratigraphic zones into the Sarmatian stage. In the Badenian sediments there are associations of foraminifera that correspond to upper levels of the Lower Badenian (Globigerinoides trilobus/Orbulina suturalis zone) and upper levels of the Upper Badenian (Ammonia beccarii/ Elphidium crispum zone). In the Sarmatian sediments there are associations of foraminifera corresponding to the lower parts of the Lower Sarmatian (Elphidium reginum zone) and the higher parts of the Lower Sarmatian (Elphidium hauerinum zone).

The results of biostratigraphic research show that foraminifer zones of the Middle Miocene are not developed in the area of southern Banat (Lower lagenide zone, Spiroplectinella carinata zone, Bolivina-Bulimina zone and Porosononion granosum zone). If we consider that these biostratigraphic zones are developed in depressions south from the Sava and Danube river (Drmljanska, Markovacka, Gradistanska, etc.), it can be concluded that in the research area of southern Banat, several tectonic phases during the Middle Miocene can be registered, which will be subject to further research

How to cite: Gajić, V. and Dulić, I.: Biostratigraphy of the Middle Miocene sediments in boreholes from southern Banat, Serbia, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-21151, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-21151, 2024.

X3.121
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EGU24-1518
Lars Holmer, Leonid Popov, Mansoureh Ghobadipour, and Javier Alvaro Blasco

During the early Tremadocian (Cordylodus lindstromi and Cordylodus angulatus zones), the Baltoscandian epicratonic basin displayed environmental heterogeneity. The basin included a black shale depocentre, bordered in North Estonia by coastal plains and shoal complexes featuring extensive brachiopod shell accumulations. At this juncture, obolid-dominant brachiopod communities near the shore had become extinct. Allochthonous shell beds, manifested as biogenic phosphorites, were remnants eroded from Furongian shoal bioaccumulations.

Unconsolidated quartzose sand packages, displaying bidirectional cross laminae and intermittently punctuated by thin black shale intercalations and contemporaneous glendonite clusters (a pseudomorph of ikaite), were deposited in tidally influenced foreshore-to-shoreface settings. The nearshore reworking and condensation of sand phosphorites served as indicators of coastal eutrophication. This eutrophication likely led to a significant seasonal enrichment of the water column with nutrients, linked to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen. An overlooked potential contributor to this eutrophication and water pollution, coinciding with the widespread deposition of kerogenous clay and the extinction of shallow marine biota, was the rise in phosphate nutrients and an increased biomass of phytoplankton.

Toxic effects were likely triggered by the extensive Furongian obolid shelly substrates, submerged during the marine transgression. The presence of substantial amounts of dissolved phosphate in the water during this period was evidenced by the deposition of concretions and crusts of chemogenic phosphorites outlining the periphery of the black shale depocentre.

How to cite: Holmer, L., Popov, L., Ghobadipour, M., and Alvaro Blasco, J.: Biogenic Phosphate Pollution Inducing Eutrophication as a Catalyst for the Decline of Obolid-Dominated Brachiopod Communities in the Early Tremadocian of East Baltica, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-1518, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1518, 2024.

X3.122
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EGU24-6963
Characteristics and Significance of Upper Triassic Cod Fossils in the Tongchuan Area, Southern Margin of the Ordos Basin
(withdrawn)
Feixue Hu
X3.123
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EGU24-10282
|
ECS
Yazhou Hu, Timothy Topper, Luke Strotz, Yue Liang, Fan Liu, Rao Fu, Baopeng Song, Zhao Wang, and Zhifei Zhang

Small shelly fossils have long been recognized as important evidence of both metazoan evolution and biomineralization during the Cambrian radiation. The marked decline in the occurrence, diversity and abundance of small shelly fossils in the middle to late Cambrian, when compared with the early Cambrian, has often been regarded as representative of a closing phosphatization window. Small shelly fossil-like assemblages have, however, been sparsely reported from the entirety of the Phanerozoic, indicating preservation of small shelly fossils is possible outside of the Cambrian. To identify possible factors enhancing small shelly fossil preservation, five microfacies (normal bioclastic limestone, flat-pebble conglomerates with bioclasts, hummocky cross-stratified grainstones with bioclasts, bioclastic grainstone in hardgrounds and glauconite bioclastic wackestone-packstone) from the Houjiashan, Mantou, Maozhuang, Xuzhuang and Zhangxia formations, Cambrian Series 2 to Miaolingian in North China are compared to assess for differences in preservation potential. The majority of extracted small shelly fossils from the studied section come from normal bioclastic limestones, but diversity is generally low and ornament is poorly preserved (except for original organophosphatic shells). The diversity of shelly fossils in flat-pebble conglomerates with bioclasts and hummocky cross-stratified grainstone with bioclasts are similar to normal bioclastic limestone, but with a greater abundance of articulated brachiopods. Bioclastic grainstone from hardgrounds facilitate some soft tissue preservation but the overgrowth of apatite grains on some specimens means shell structures are poorly preserved. Small shelly fossils extracted from glauconite bioclastic wackestone-grainstones are the best preserved, in regard to shell microstructure, and diversity is highest in these layers. These results suggest that limestones with authigenic glauconites could possibly be a good indicator for well-preserved small shelly fossils and that preservation potential of small shelly fossils is likely linked to differences between microfacies in early to middle Cambrian, North China.

How to cite: Hu, Y., Topper, T., Strotz, L., Liang, Y., Liu, F., Fu, R., Song, B., Wang, Z., and Zhang, Z.: Microfacies controlling the preservation of small shelly fossils from the lower to middle Cambrian of North China, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-10282, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-10282, 2024.

X3.124
|
EGU24-6657
|
ECS
Asmaa Korin, Sinatrya Prayudi, and Michael Kaminski

The Mesozoic Shaqra group has been the subject of numerous previous studies because of its 13 petroleum-producing reservoirs dispersed across different formations. Several geologists thoroughly examined the Dhruma Formation, the second formation of the Shaqra group, from a petrographic and sedimentological standpoint. However, other than the report by Kaminski et al. (2018), there are only a few micropaleontological investigations of the marly units within this formation, and no thorough evaluation of the maximum flood surfaces utilizing microfossil contents, such as planktonic foraminifera, has been carried out. The diversity, quantity, and preservation mode of planktonic foraminifera in older rocks could give insight into changes in past sea level or in other words the maximum flood surfaces (MFS). These free-floating foraminifera replace shallow-water species during transgressions as sea levels rise; their numbers peak at the maximum flood surface when sufficient water depths and nutrient-rich waters provide them with an ideal depositional environment. To provide new evidence for high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, we are attempting to trace the maximum flood surfaces within the carbonates and marl units of the Dhruma formation by examining their microfossil content. The material under consideration was collected from a marly D4 unit exposure (~15 m thick) located on Highway Road no. 5395, southwest Riyadh City, about 1 km from a Saudi poultry farm (N24°12'48'', E46° 14'5''E). The samples were obtained from the lower marly limestone part of the D4 Unit and examined using traditional micropaleontological procedures and the acetolysis technique. The main new finding of this study is that, as previously noted in Unit D5, the bottom part of Unit D4 contains the low-spired species Globuligerina sp. and the high-spired variant Conoglobigerina sp. Alongside the planktonic foraminifera, there is a benthic foraminiferal assemblage consisting of a mixture of smaller agglutinated species (Haplophragmoides and Nautiloculina) and calcareous species (polymorphinids and nodosariids). This assemblage suggests conditions on an open sea shelf and characteristics of a Middle Jurassic foraminiferal content from a marly carbonate unit. Considering their small size, calcareous benthic foraminifera indicate the presence of an oligotrophic depositional environment for Unit D4. The D4 Unit of the Dhruma Formation contains planktonic foraminifera, which provides a novel correlation tool for determining a new maximum flooding surface between the J20 and J30 maximum flooding surfaces in the Middle East.

How to cite: Korin, A., Prayudi, S., and Kaminski, M.: A new record of the earliest planktonic foraminifera Conoglobigerina sp. and Globuligerina sp. from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) D4 unit of the Dhruma Formation in Saudi Arabia, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-6657, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-6657, 2024.

X3.125
|
EGU24-9383
|
ECS
Cong Liu, Dongjing Fu, and Xingliang Zhang

Chuandianella ovata, a waptiid “bivalved” arthropod occurred in strara of Cambrian Series 2 and Stage 3 (ca. 521–514.5 Ma) along the western margin of the Yangtze plate, has been reported in numerous publications, whereas many morphological features still require further investigation. Herein, based on 1459 finely preserved specimens from eight localities of the Chengjiang biota, seventeen new characteristics are described and documented, and five previously described traits are revised. In our reconstruction, the cephalon bore a pair of stalked eyes with setae along the convex margin and annuli at the basal part of the eye lobes, a median triangular sclerite, one pair of biramous antennules, and three pairs of uniramous appendages that may represent the mandibules, maxillules and maxillae, respectively. According to microtomography and fossil imaging, the thorax houses nine pairs of appendages, each identified as a quadripartite, comprising a protopodite, a reduced endopodite, flap-like setose exopodite, and annulated epipodite with numerous lamellae. This appendicular morphology provides additional evidence for the presence of exites (epipodites) in Palaeozoic arthropods. Re-examination of the trunk limbs of Cambrian euarthropods indicates that exites may be a common feature that evolved deep in arthropod phylogeny.

How to cite: Liu, C., Fu, D., and Zhang, X.: Cambrian waptiid euarthropod Chuandianella from the Chengjiang biota, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-9383, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9383, 2024.

X3.126
|
EGU24-14021
Ontogeny and brooding strategy of the early Cambrian arthropod Isoxys minor from the Qingjiang biota
(withdrawn)
Jiaxin Ma, Stephen Pates, Yu Wu, Weiliang Lin, Cong Liu, Yuheng Wu, Mingjing Zhang, and Dongjing Fu
X3.127
|
EGU24-248
|
ECS
Arkaprava Mukhopadhyay, Shubhabrata Paul, Arghya Poddar, Debarati Chattopadhyay, and Ranita Saha

The present study aims to investigate the change in the bivalve community in the Late Cretaceous of the Ariyalur Sub-basin, south India, along with the changing sea level, depositional sequence, and lithology. A drop in bivalve diversity was recognized from the siliciclastic facies of the Coniacian-Santonian to the carbonate facies of the Maastrichtian. Two-way cluster analysis identified five distinct bio-assemblages and a prominent shift in the dominant ecological guild. The Coniacian–Santonian assemblages are dominated by infaunal taxa that changed into epifaunal-dominated Maastrichtian assemblages. Although the effect of secondary diagenetic alteration might have played a role, non-metric multidimensional studies suggest that other factors, especially the change in substrate condition and corresponding adaptive strategies employed by different functional groups of bivalves, may potentially explain the shift in community structure across the studied interval.

How to cite: Mukhopadhyay, A., Paul, S., Poddar, A., Chattopadhyay, D., and Saha, R.: Long-term palaeoecological trends of the Late Cretaceous bivalves from Ariyalur, India, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-248, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-248, 2024.

X3.128
|
EGU24-6033
|
ECS
Impact of Deccan Volcanism on evolution of higher plant terpenoids
(withdrawn)
Deepti Niyolia, Suryendu Dutta, and Bandana Samant
X3.129
|
EGU24-11670
|
ECS
Milica G. Radaković and Slobodan B. Marković

There were multiple attempts to investigate mollusks from loess sediment in Serbia, as this natural archive covers a great part of the northern territory of Serbia. However, these approaches did not have a large temporal coverage, as usually only the loess from the last glacial cycle was studied, rarely reaching the Middle Pleistocene. In recent years this research was extended until the MIS 24, according to the Danube loess stratigraphy (Marković et al., 2015). Here we present the latest information about snail species that lived in glacial conditions over the northern province of Serbia, Vojvodina. We enriched the list of found mollusks from earlier studies, by exploring the two oldest loess-palaeosol sections in Serbia, which when compiled into a composite profile cover almost one million years (Veliki Surduk – Stari Slankamen). Some problems exist when compiling all the findings of snail species in other loess sections in Serbia, such as the lack of stratigraphic interpretation in the early studies. This is why found shells from such locations can not be included in this list. We found that Chondrula tridens, Granaria frumentum, Helicopsis striata, Pupilla muscorum, Pupilla triplicata, Vallonia costata, Clausilia dubia, as well as Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae were present from the earliest periods of loess accumulation in Serbia. The prevalent malacological assemblage of loess observed in Serbia during glacial periods suggests a predominance of mild climatic conditions characterized by a steppe environment. Conversely, less prevalent species indicate more rigorous environmental conditions, persisting during the coldest phases of certain glacials. Originally, the list of mollusks from Veliki Surduk – Stari Slankamen section included 41 species, but after adding the mollusks found in other profiles in Serbia, the list now has 62 species. The lowest diversity of mollusks was found in MIS 8. On the other hand, there were 55 species in the period MIS 2-4, but they are very diverse in their environmental preferences. Refinements and updates to this dataset require subsequent malacological investigations, which may yield the discovery of hitherto unrecorded species or the incorporation of newly identified taxa of the nine loess units formed during glacial conditions in Serbia.

How to cite: Radaković, M. G. and Marković, S. B.: How many species of loess mollusks were there in Serbia from MIS 24 to MIS 2?, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-11670, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-11670, 2024.

X3.130
|
EGU24-4809
|
ECS
Multiple-approaching to architectures and micro-structures of the Siliurian chain corals Halysites from the Shiniulan Formation, Guizhou, South China
(withdrawn after no-show)
Xinyi Ren and Zhifei Zhang
X3.131
|
EGU24-13516
|
ECS
Carra Williams, Jody Webster, Marc Humblet, Juan Braga, Willem Renema, Luke Nothdurft, Greg Webb, Victorien Paumard, Ulysse Lebrac, and Tristan Salles

Quaternary coral reef science has limited understanding of coral reef response to the Mid Pleistocene Climate Transition (MPT) (ca. 0.8–0.6 Ma) that triggered the Earth's transition into a dry, arid climate and eventually into a period of glacial-interglacial cycles. During this period many of the extant large reef systems initiated, for example barrier reefs around Pacific atolls and the Great Barrier Reef, however, data availability is low. North and South Scott reefs are isolated carbonate platforms on the North West Shelf of Australia that have outpaced subsidence and oceanographic stressors intermittently since the Miocene. The long-term carbonate platform evolution from ca. 20 Ma to present has been characterised using seismic stratigraphy and seismic geomorphology, integrated with industry well log data, but, high-resolution reconstructions of sedimentological and environmental processes controlling coral reef growth cycles have not been determined prior to the Holocene. Lithologic and chrono-stratigraphic interpretations of four fossil coral reef boreholes extending to 200 m below sea floor provide new insights into the sensitivities of coral reef response to regional (i.e., tectonics, oceanographic) and global (i.e., climate, eustacy) environmental forcing conditions at millennial scale resolution since the MPT. Depositional facies and paleoenvironmental reconstructions are based on; detailed logging and petrologic, mineralogic and sedimentary lithofacies analyses of four cores located on the windward and leeward reef crests of north and south Scott Reef. Coralgal assemblages and other reef biota (e.g., foraminifera) constrain paleowater depths and precise paleoenvironmental settings. New radiometric dating based on sample selection from hyperspectral and neutron scattering data are presented. We recognise distinct reef growth sequences within lithologic and chrono-stratigraphic units that correspond to global high sea levels within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 (Holocene), 5, 7, 8, 11, 13. Each reef growth sequences established on the drowned platforms during deglacial and interglacial sea levels. Hiatuses in reef growth represented by paleosol horizons in the core that signals subaerial exposure events during glacial (low sea level) periods. Significant variations in elevation, subsidence histories, paleo-coralgal communities and geomorphological features occur between the north and south reef, as well as spatially across each reef. Sequences of coral reef growth kept pace with deglacial sea level rise owing to favourable environmental and oceanographic conditions that allowed the cyclic re-establishment of shallow, moderate and deep-water coral reef development across both platforms since the MPT. A comprehensive review of comparable MPT-triggered coral reef sequences for Ribbon Reef 5 on the NE margin of Australia exposes some significant variations in reef response to eustatic (subsidence and sea level) and environmental controls, including: proximity to land, position along the continental shelf, terrigenous sediment influx, seabed geomorphology, ocean currents and nearby sites for coral larvae recruitment. Analysis of two newly acquired and two undescribed fossil coral reef cores provides a unique insight into the Quaternary history of a key site along the NWS, demonstrating how fossils can be used to reconstruct Earth history to answer broader questions in the bio and geological sciences with respect to coral reef ecological responses to climate change.

How to cite: Williams, C., Webster, J., Humblet, M., Braga, J., Renema, W., Nothdurft, L., Webb, G., Paumard, V., Lebrac, U., and Salles, T.: Coral reef response since the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition on the North West Shelf, Australia: Insights from fossil coral reef cores, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-13516, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-13516, 2024.

X3.132
|
EGU24-429
|
ECS
Qiangwang Wu, Xin Jin, Yixing Du, Zhiqiang Shi, Xiang Zhang, Angela Bertinelli, and Manuel Rigo

Norian time interval is a crucial period in Earth’s evolutionary history, characterized by several organic carbon-isotope perturbations in the carbon cycle that are closely related to global environmental change and biotic turnover (Zaffani et al., 2017). Among them, the Norian “chaotic carbon episode” has been recently reported globally in North America, Italy, and Japan, from shallow to pelagic environments (Whiteside and Ward, 2011; Zaffani et al., 2017; Jin et al., 2022; Sato et al., 2023). However, the mechanisms and timing of these events are poorly understood, especially in the eastern Tethys. In this study, we have investigated the carbon isotope profiles and conodont assemblage changes from the middle to upper Norian bedded carbonate rock succession in the Sanhedong section, Southwest China, to provide new insights into the Norian carbon cycle perturbation and its impact on marine biodiversity. We thus collected several samples for conodont biostratigraphic investigations and organic and carbonate carbon isotope (δ13Corg, δ13Ccarb) and oxygen isotope data (δ18Ocarb) along the study section. We identified various conodont genera, including some typical Norian Arcyrogondolella, Norigondollela, Mockina, and Primatella, and established detailed conodont biostratigraphy that indicates a middle to upper Norian age for the Sanhedong section. Furthermore, we detected a significant negative carbon isotope excursion (NCIE) across the middle/upper Norian, which can be globally correlated with the NCIE events reported from North America, the central Panthalassa Ocean, and the Tethys Ocean. We have also observed changes in conodont diversity and abundance associated with the NCIE.

Our study provides an accurate age and a high-resolution carbon isotope record for the Sanhedong section, revealing the global nature of the Norian carbon cycle perturbation and its impact on the biosphere in the eastern Tethys. Our preliminary results suggest that also the carbon isotope perturbation in Eastern Tethys may be associated to the middle-late Norian carbon-cycle perturbations, which were triggered by the emplacement of the Angayucham Large Igneous Province (Alaska). Further studies are needed to constrain the timing and magnitude of Norian volcanic activity.

Keywords: Norian, conodont biostratigraphy, carbon isotope perturbation, Eastern Tethys

 

 

Reference:

Jin, X., Du, Y., Bertinelli, A., Shi, Z., Preto, N., Zou, H., Ogg, J.G., Han, L., Wu, Q. and Rigo, M., 2022. Carbon-isotope excursions in the Norian stage (Upper Triassic) of the Baoshan terrane, western Yunnan, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 230, p.105215.

Sato, H., Nozaki, T., Onoue, T., Ishikawa, A., Soda, K., Yasukawa, K., Kimura, J.I., Chang, Q., Kato, Y. and Rigo, M., 2023. Rhenium-osmium isotope evidence for the onset of volcanism in the central Panthalassa Ocean during the Norian “chaotic carbon episode”. Global and Planetary Change, 229, p.104239.

Whiteside, J.H. and Ward, P.D., 2011. Ammonoid diversity and disparity track episodes of chaotic carbon cycling during the early Mesozoic. Geology, 39(2), pp.99-102.

Zaffani, M., Agnini, C., Concheri, G., Godfrey, L., Katz, M., Maron, M. and Rigo, M., 2017. The Norian “chaotic carbon interval”: new clues from the δ13Corg record of the Lagonegro Basin (southern Italy). Geosphere, 13(4), pp.1133-1148.

 

How to cite: Wu, Q., Jin, X., Du, Y., Shi, Z., Zhang, X., Bertinelli, A., and Rigo, M.: Norian conodont biostratigraphy and carbon isotopic perturbations in the Lanping-Simao terrane, Eastern Tethy, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-429, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-429, 2024.

Posters virtual: Tue, 16 Apr, 14:00–15:45 | vHall X3

Display time: Tue, 16 Apr, 08:30–Tue, 16 Apr, 18:00
Chairpersons: Marissa Betts, Sam Slater, Luke Strotz
vX3.12
|
EGU24-7327
Maia Bukhsianidze

The late Miocene fossil land mammalian sites Udabno (Georgia) and Eldari (Azerbaijan) are found in the Middle Kura Basin, in the fluvial sediments along the Kura bay deposited during regression of the Eastern Paratethys and represent the earliest terrestrial faunal evidence from the area. The Udabno and Eldari fossil vertebrate sites are roughly contemporaneous and supposedly embrace time span from ca. 9.5 to 7.5 Ma. Yet, there remain correlation issues and questions regarding the detailed chronological framework of the deposits. These questions are under study.

The Udabno and Eldari bovid remains were revised, research involved the Georgian National Museum collections only. This study aims to clarify taxonomy and to draw biostratigraphic and paleogeographic conclusions. Following taxa were identified:

Tragoportacini: Miotragoceros valenciennesi eldaricus (Eldari), Miotragoceros valenciennesi maius (Udabno),Tragoportax sp. (Udabno);

Antilopini:      Gazella cf. capricornis (Eldari), G. cf. pilgrim (Udabno), Prostrepsiceros rotundicornis (Udabno), Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis (Eldari), Aff. Hispanodorcas orientalis (Udabno);

Caprini:         Tethytragus sp. (Udabno), Skoufotragus sp.(Udabno), Caprini gen et sp nov. (Udabno);

Alcelaphini:    Udabnocerus georgicus (Udabno-Hadjia, Azerbaijan);

Bovidae indet.: Bovidae indet. 1 (Udabno) – dwarf antelope, strongly posteriorly inclined horn cores without basal swelling, with posterior keel, without torsion. Eotraginae?; Bovidae indet. 2 (Udabno, Eldari) - dwarf antelope, long upright horn cores without torsion, without keels - Hypsodontinae?; Bovidae indet. 3 (Udabno) - dwarf antelope, horn cores transversally compressed, with anterior keel and very weak homonymous torsion- Hypsodontinae?

Lack of exact stratigraphic information for most of these fossils does not allow to judge about their stratigraphic distribution. Yet, a strong Vallesian component in this bovid composition is evident (Miotragoceros, Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis) suggesting MN10. Presence of Middle Miocene relict bovids (Tethytragus sp., possible Hypsodontinae and Eotraginae) is indeed striking and enhances the evidence of the Vallesian age. Tragoportax, Gazella capricornis, G. pilgrimi, Prostrepsiceros rotundicornis, Skoufotragus are among the typical Turolian taxa. Yet, absence of Oioceros- a very frequent antelope, that appears in the Early Turoloan might be a significant biostratigraphic indicator, pointing to the earliest Turolian (earliest MN11) as a minimum age.

The core of the bovid fauna is composed of “local”, Greko-Iranian taxa. Yet, out of Africa dispersal can be the immediate explanation for the presence of a primitive, early alcelaphin bovid -Udabnocerus georgicus. However, the story might be more complicated. This fossil comes from the locality Hadjia (Azerbaijan) of the Udabno site. We did not have a possibility to survey this place. Yet geoglogical maps indicate that youngest deposits in the area is Eldari Formation with supposed minimum age ca. 7.5 Ma. what makes Udabnocerus as old or even older than the African alcelaphine record. It is paradoxical evidence, once again reminding us how limited is our vision of the past world.

The study was conducted in the framework of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia grant #FR-21-1979.

How to cite: Bukhsianidze, M.: Revisiting the earliest terrestrial fossil record from the paleo Kura bay (Eldari and Udabno faunas, Late Miocene, South Caucasus) – diversity of bovids, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-7327, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-7327, 2024.

vX3.13
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EGU24-200
|
ECS
Three tubular fossil assemblages from the terminal Ediacaran Dengying Formation in southern Shaanxi Province of South China
(withdrawn after no-show)
Wei Chen, Yaoping Cai, and Xiaoyang Wang
vX3.14
|
EGU24-8231
Yuhai Gao

Abstract: The adaptation and survival of prehistoric humans in the alpine and hypoxic environment of the Tibetan Plateau is the focus of multidisciplinary research. As an important prehistoric human hand-footprints site for the study of prehistoric human activities on the Tibetan Plateau, Quesang site has witnessed prehistoric human arrivals in the area at least twice, which occurred in the Middle Pleistocene, about 200ka and the early Holocene, about 7.2ka. The early and middle Holocene hand-footprints are distributed on the spring deposits near the modern active hot springs, which are distributed downstream along both sides of the gully. During a recent field investigation, we found a series of prehistoric human footprints and trampling marks on the travertine in the middle and lower reaches of the active spring. Through the stratigraphic and geomorphological analysis of travertine deposit, 3D modeling and morphological study of hand-footprints, as well as U-Th and OSL dating of hand and foot prints and strata, we have obtained the following results: Modern active hot springs were formed after 18ka, and a large amount of travertine was deposited near the spring mouth, on both sides and downstream of the gully. The newly discovered footprints and trampling marks are distributed on the middle and lower travertine sedimentary fans of the gully, which are formed in ~ 8.8ka and ~ 14ka, respectively. In the extremely cold and anoxic environment of the Tibetan Plateau, Quesang hot spring is undoubtedly a very attractive survival resource, attracting ancient humans to patronize here frequently for a long time. The discovery of hand-footprints also provides new evidence for the expansion and occupation of prehistoric humans on the Tibetan Plateau.
Keywords:Post Last Glacial Maximum, hand-footprints, travertine, Quesang spring, prehistoric human activities

How to cite: Gao, Y.: Prehistoric human hand-footprints on the central tibetan plateau after the post last glacial maximum, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-8231, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-8231, 2024.

vX3.15
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EGU24-194
|
ECS
A potential earliest trilobite-brachiopod fossil assemblage from the Sichuan Basin, South China
(withdrawn after no-show)
Jinzhou Luo, Tong Wang, and Xiaoqiang Pan
vX3.16
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EGU24-20034
Unveiling the Past: A Comprehensive Study of Büyükçekmece Lake's Evolution through High-Resolution Pollen and Multi-proxy Analysis during the Late Holocene
(withdrawn after no-show)
Berk Gazanfer Suleyman and Demet Biltekin