Across the globe, peatlands serve as crucial carbon (C) reservoirs and archives of past environmental changes. Deep peat deposits enable peatland palaeoecological studies to provide a long-term view of peatland evolution and resilience across all climatic zones. However, climatic change and anthropogenic pressures, for example logging, agricultural conversion, peat harvesting, drainage, forestry and resource exploration, threaten these unique ecosystems. These disturbances affect peatlands' hydrology, biodiversity, and C balance, resulting in high C loss, reduced C storage, increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, loss of hydrological integrity, peat subsidence and increased wildfire risk. Recent global climate warming and shifting precipitation patterns are likely to intensify and reduce the benefits peatlands provide to people. This session welcomes contributions which explore questions related to climate, disturbance, and human impact on peatlands across different geographical regions and timescales. We strongly encourage abstracts that deepen the knowledge of all aspects of peatland ecology, evolution, and functioning, including (1) peat initiation, and peat and C accumulation and dynamics, (2) biodiversity and hydrological changes through time, (3) identification of tipping points or resilience in peatland development, (4) evidence of direct anthropogenic pressure such as peat extraction, drainage, afforestation or pollution, (5) new proxy development and calibration studies, (6) tropical peatland mapping and monitoring, (7) GHG and nutrient flux dynamics, (8) management strategies for GHG emissions mitigation, (9) valuing ancestral knowledge of peatlands, as well as other related topics. Presentations elucidating these complex relationships will contribute to understanding how peatlands responded to previous global changes and how they may develop after restoration. We look forward to insightful contributions and engaging discussions that will enrich our knowledge of peatlands in the modern era and their future trajectories.