Despite ample literature, research is not exhaustive about the effects of soil conservation techniques in endangered agro-forest environments. This depends on the variability of the environmental conditions as well as on socio-economic factors. To contribute to filling this research gap, the session aims to propose monitoring activities in representative case studies, to setup clear guidelines about planning effective measures, and modelling exercises to set up reliable prediction tools, in order to protect watersheds from the impacts of flooding and erosion. Bringing together contributions from several contexts, dealing with detailed field experiences, validated models and effectiveness assessment methods, can help to support the restoration actions of land managers in degraded agro-forest environments or areas prone to degradation, and, at the same time, identify scientific literature gaps and future research directions.