Application of backscatter time-series analysis and offset tracking for the identification of glacier surges on Svalbard

The study of glacier surges, which involve periodic increases in flow velocity even to several orders of magnitude, is crucial for a better understanding of glacier dynamics in Arctic regions. Knowledge of the causes, course, and mechanisms of this phenomenon can help determine the role of glaciers as indicators of global climate change. It is also very important for safety and risk management reasons. A relatively new method of studying glacial surges is the analysis of backscatter changes in SAR images, which indicate deformations and variable properties of the glacier surface during the active phase. However, unambiguous identification of the phenomenon requires analysis of changes in the surface velocity of the glacier.

In this study we analyze a time series of Sentinel-1 mission data for Svalbard for the years 2016-2025 to track the long-term dynamics of glaciers. We detect backscatter anomalies that can be associated with surge activity. We then compare the results with surface velocity data obtained by offset tracking on SAR imagery. Based on the results, we conclude that the two methods are complementary. The methodology used can be applied in further studies of glacier surges and expand the knowledge of surge mechanisms that are not yet fully understood.