The current and future state of subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics model coupling.

Ice dynamics plays a primary role in rapid sea level rise, and our approach to ice dynamic modeling therefore determines our ability to assess future ice mass changes and resulting global implications. Over the last several years, the coupling of subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics models has allowed an enhanced analysis of the impact of basal boundary conditions and drainage networks on ice flux. Here, we discuss the progress to date of hydrology-ice dynamics coupling within the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM), the impacts from coupling on hydrology and ice dynamic development, and the challenges that remain to better represent the ice-bed system in both catchment and continent-scale simulations. We also examine the role of projected surface melt in Antarctica and how that may affect subglacial hydrology development, basal sliding, and ocean melt under floating ice shelves. We outline the next steps for the field of hydrology-ice dynamics coupling and how this can benefit the wider glaciological community.