Plume-Lithosphere Interaction Across Different Hotspots: A Comparative Study of Iceland, Hawaii, and Hainan Island

Plume-lithosphere interaction (PLI) is a fundamental geodynamic process linking deep mantle dynamics to surface volcanism and lithospheric evolution. The lithosphere serves as an archive of past modifications, where distinct tectonic settings undergo unique deformation histories that are manifested as variations in thickness and seismic velocity. To characterize the nature and variability of different PLI modes, we conduct a comparative study across three tectonic settings: Iceland (ridge-centered hotspot), Hawaii (oceanic intraplate hotspot), and Hainan Island (continental margin upwelling). Utilizing Ps and Sp receiver functions, we image crustal and upper-mantle discontinuities in each tectonic setting. By integrating Vp/Vs ratios with seismic velocity anomalies, we further constrain the distribution of potential melt within the lithosphere. This study tests the hypothesis that contrasting lithospheric structures arise from different PLI modes, which in turn regulate the ascent, emplacement, and storage of magma. This study aims to provide seismological constraints on the evolution of PLI, potentially offering new insights into the genesis of surface volcanism. The detailed results and ongoing progress will be presented at the meeting.