Risk perception and preparedness regarding mountain hazards in an ethnic minority region: Insights from Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, China

Mountain hazards pose significant threats to communities in ethnic minority regions, where risk perception and preparedness are often influenced by cultural and socio-economic factors. This study examines these aspects in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, China—an area frequently affected by mountain disasters. Using a questionnaire survey (n = 206) and in-depth interviews, the research investigates local residents’ risk perception and preparedness. Stepwise regression analysis reveals that the Yi ethnic group exhibits a relatively lower level of risk perception compared to the Han group, and females show lower risk perception than males. Individuals with higher risk aversion demonstrate stronger self-prevention awareness and personal protective measures, yet are less inclined to participate in mutual support groups. Notably, willingness to form emergency self-governing groups is positively correlated with higher risk perception, underscoring the role of community in shaping preparedness. Two main recommendations emerge: (1) enhance risk perception and preparedness through tailored hazard mitigation education and specialized planning for vulnerable groups; and (2) adopt community-based approaches that leverage local knowledge and active participation to strengthen preparedness through community groups. The findings offer insights applicable to other ethnic minority regions in China.