Tectonic setting and mountains uplift corresponding to climate changes in China since 25 Myr

Concurrently, loess deposition, oceanic water systems, and the arid high-plateau environment have undergone significant transformations across different regions, particularly in western and eastern China, which are divided by two north-south-trending gravity gradient belts. What type of tectonic processes have primarily contributed to these fundamental environmental and climatic changes in the China continent over the past 25 million years, or even across the entire Asian continent? During this period, the subduction of the West Pacific Plate facilitated the development of the trough-arc island-basin system in eastern Asia, while the Indo-Asian collision led to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the formation of various tectonic belts, mountain ranges, and rift basins between 25 and 20 Ma. The formation of east-west-, north-south-, and northeast-trending mountain belts and basins, whether in western or eastern China, corresponds to tectonic transformations and geodynamic events along the continental margin that were associated with the Indo-Asian collision and the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. The emergence of the Asian monsoon during this time interval could be interpreted as a consequence of these tectonic transformations, rather than the direct cause of loess deposition or the complete uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, even in the past 10,000 years, seismic activity and volcanic eruptions have continued to correspond to tectonic processes along the continental margin. Regional and local environmental changes have been directly constrained by tectonic activity in these respective areas.