A Scenario‑Based Framework for Evaluating Emergency Response and Communication Throughout Multi-Hazard Events

Effective Early Warning Systems (EWS) does not only rely on natural hazard forecasting but also on how actors are prepared, coordinated, and respond in the different stages of the warning chain. We here present a scenario‑based methodology designed to assess emergency response at different responsibility levels before, during, and after multi-hazard events.

The method involves systematic information gathering during facilitated scenario exercises, followed by synthesis of findings to improve action cards and emergency plans. Study area is rather remote regions of Norway, and the approach effectively consolidated existing knowledge, initiated cross‑level dialogue, and revealed clear gaps in preparedness, coordination, and resource allocation.

The workshop objectives were to evaluate current response protocols, identify training needs among responders and communities, and propose interactive, scenario‑based training approaches. A three‑phase scenario—covering the warning, action, and recovery stages—was developed using local knowledge and recent events to ensure realism and relevance.

Key findings include: (i) inconsistencies in responsibility distribution and inter‑agency coordination, (ii) missing competencies and resource limitations, and (iii) the need for clearer communication pathways throughout the evolving event. Even though there is a strong and knowledgeable commitment from participants, improvement areas were identified.

Conducted in the aftermath of Extreme Weather Hans (2023) and Amy (2025), the work demonstrates the value of scenario‑based evaluation as an integral component of EWS development. This contribution forms part of the Norwegian research project Beredt! – Scalable Services & Risk-Based Governance for Climate-Driven Natural Hazards in Norway and highlights the importance of continuous training and assessment to enhance disaster preparedness and resilience.