Influence of Volcanism Activity on Weather and Climate Changes

This paper explores how volcanic eruptions might be linked to changes in weather patterns. Gases released, like CO2 and SO2, play a key role in the lower atmosphere, influencing temperatures at the surface. Water vapor from eruptions can travel through all atmospheric layers, potentially creating more atmospheric rivers and disrupting the polar vortex. These changes can significantly affect weather, depending on the eruption's size, the types of gases released, the type of volcano, and its location. Furthermore, eruptions can cause abrupt shifts in atmospheric layers, leading to unexpected seasonal variations.  The study of volcanic eruptions and the weather consequences is paramount for understanding climate change better. Several factors from eruptions allow disturbances in the atmospheric layers mainly at the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere. Volcanic eruptions inject sulfur gases into the stratosphere, which convert to sulfate aerososls with e-folding residence time about one year.