Ion mass spectrometry, new approach in Hadamard modulation of the Time-of-Flight

Conventional ion mass spectrometers, often measure the Time-of-Flight (ToF) of a particle using a single input pulse. Subsequently, the mass-per-charge of each particle can be retrieved, knowing their energy and the instrument properties. However, the duty cycle for this method is known to be effectively very short, leading to the loss of ion counts; in particular in low density space environments. 
To tackle the issue, instead of a single pulse, multiple distinguishable signals are sought to be accumulated and increase the ion counts. Hadamard modulation, is a technique of such, which was used for the first time in space in BepiColombo mission. It successfully increased the duty-cycle of SERENA-PICAM sensor from <1% to 50%, enabling that spectrometer to detect the ion species near planet Mercury. However, observations showed that the Signal-to-Noise (SNR) lowered in various plasma environments; meaning that there is a need to reduce the artificial noise, for a better result.
We present new approaches for the Hadamard technique operation with an aim to improve the SNR, and in addition to that, increase the duty cycle to potentially 100%.