Transforming volcanic landscapes into knowledge: geoheritage, virtual reality technologies, and geotourism in the Canary Islands

The volcanic landscapes of the Canary Islands constitute one of the most 
distinctive geoheritage assemblages in Spain, underpinning the scientific, 
educational, and touristic values that have contributed to the Spanish Inventory of 
Geological Sites of Interest (IELIG), multiple natural protected areas and UNESCO 
designations. These volcanic features not only embody an extensive record of 
geological processes but also offer an exceptional basis for sustainable tourism 
initiatives. In this context, the project ‘Canary Islands: Destination of Volcanoes’, 
seeks to establish a science-based geotourism product capable of enhancing 
public engagement while strengthening the conservation and responsible use of 
natural resources. The project employs a comprehensive methodology structured 
into nine main activities that integrate fieldwork, analytical procedures, and digital 
data processing. Building on the 300 geosites identified in the IELIG for the Canarian 
Archipelago, a specific assessment framework has been designed to select the 50 
volcanic environments with the highest scientific, educational, and tourist
potential. This process combines standards and requirements of sustainability, 
conservation status, degradation risk, accessibility, safety, and scenic-scientific
values. The selected sites are being documented through the development of digital 
mapping products, adhering to international standards for spatial data quality and 
metadata. Complementary tasks include the acquisition of high-resolution drone 
imagery, photogrammetry, and 3D geological reconstructions that support the 
creation of virtual and augmented reality models. These digital products will serve 
to design interpretive scripts, animations, and immersive environments that aim to 
communicate complex geological processes in an accessible way to the general 
public. Additional activities address the creation of a unified geotourism brand, 
development of training programmes for local employment, and support for 
emerging business initiatives in the blue and green economy. Although the results 
are still in progress, the project is expected to generate a robust portfolio of 
scientifically validated and technologically innovative tools that enhance the 
touristic use and outreach of volcanic heritage. The integration of digital maps, 
VR/AR applications and scientific communication through innovation has the 
potential to diversify the regional geotouristic model, reduce environmental impact, 
and strengthen long-term conservation strategies. Ultimately, this initiative aspires 
to position the Canary Islands as an international reference for volcano-based 
geotourism grounded in science, sustainability, and innovation.
Sub-Project 1 ‘Canary Islands, destiny of Volcanoes’ is funded by PROMOTUR 
Turismo Canarias, S.A. through Next Generation EU funds, PRTR. 2024krQ00nnn.