Radio-Frequency Spectrum for Earth Observation Data Systems: International Coordination toward WRC-27

Contemporary Earth and space science relies on complex infrastructures that connect observations, data transmission, processing systems and digital services. A critical but often under-recognized component of this system is access to radio-frequency spectrum, which enables both the acquisition of observations and the real-time exchange of data from meteorological satellites, weather radars, radiosondes, space weather sensors and other Earth observation systems. The radio-frequency spectrum is a physically limited and increasingly contested resource.

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a specialized agency of the United Nations with 193 Members, provides the global coordination framework for observing and data systems through the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS), the WMO Information System (WIS) and the WMO Integrated Processing and Prediction System (WIPPS). These systems support standardized observations, global data exchange and the delivery of operational services that underpin numerical weather prediction, climate monitoring, hydrology and environmental applications worldwide.

Within this framework, the WMO Space Programme coordinates international activities related to the availability and use of satellite data and products, capacity development, space weather coordination, and cooperation on radio-frequency spectrum use. This includes engagement with scientific and regulatory communities through the Expert Team on Radio-Frequency Coordination, contributions to international technical studies, development of joint guidance (e.g., WMO–International Telecommunication Union (ITU) handbooks), and coordinated preparations for the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027 (WRC-27).

This presentation frames spectrum coordination as a core element of Earth observation data systems and highlights its role in maximizing the economic, social and environmental value of global meteorological infrastructures, including societally critical initiatives such as Early Warnings for All (EW4All).