Geo2Gmsh: A Scalable Workflow for Automated Mesh Generation of Geological Models Using Gmsh

Numerical modeling is a fundamental tool for understanding physically driven processes in geosciences. In multiparametric settings, the Finite Element Method is widely used because it can accommodate irregular geometries and complex boundary conditions. However, this advantage critically depends on the quality of the computational mesh, which must faithfully represent geological features such as faults, stratigraphic interfaces, and wells. In practice, mesh generation remains a major bottleneck, requiring specialized expertise and significant manual effort. We present Geo2Gmsh, an automated, lightweight workflow built on Gmsh (Geuzaine & Remacle, 2009), that generates geological meshes directly from simple text‐based descriptions of topological elements, including surfaces, lines, and points. These elements correspond to geologically meaningful features, allowing users to define faults, horizons, wells, and domain boundaries in a transparent, reproducible, and solver‐independent way. The workflow is demonstrated using two contrasting case studies: (1) Ringvent, an active sill‐driven hydrothermal system in the Guaymas Basin, and (2) the Eastern Llanos Basin, a foreland basin in eastern Colombia. To evaluate solver compatibility, we solved the heat equation in SfePy (https://sfepy.org/doc-devel/index.html) using the Eastern Llanos Basin model as the computational domain. Although the simulation is illustrative and not calibrated to observations, it confirms that meshes produced by Geo2Gmsh can be readily incorporated into numerical solvers. By explicitly embedding wells, faults, and geological interfaces in the mesh, Geo2Gmsh enables boundary conditions to be applied directly to physically meaningful features and allows model outputs to be extracted along them, simplifying both model setup and post‐processing. Meshes can be exported in standard formats (e.g., VTK, MSH, and Exodus via meshio), ensuring broad interoperability. Overall, Geo2Gmsh provides a lightweight, scalable, and reproducible workflow that dramatically lowers the technical barrier to geological mesh generation. This contribution establishes a practical foundation for reproducible, open-source numerical modeling in geosciences, facilitating the integration of geological knowledge into high-fidelity computational simulations.