Characteristics of Micro-Energy Signal for landslide

This study is based on the linear elastic behavior of particulate materials in PFC and aims to establish a physical model for micro-energy signals. A series of physical experiments, including compression tests, friction tests, and rebound tests, were conducted using embedded miniature earth pressure cells. Based on experimental results and parameter conversion, a comprehensive analysis and calculation of micro-energy signals were performed, including strain energy, damping energy, frictional energy, and kinetic energy. The calculated micro-energy signal components were then compared with the corresponding results obtained from PFC numerical simulations to calibrate the proposed physical model of micro-energy signals. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the developed micro-energy signal–based approach can effectively estimate the characteristic micro-energy signal features of sliding and non-sliding surfaces, and that the results satisfy the requirements for field-scale applications. Finally, the potential applicability of micro-energy signals for slope monitoring was evaluated, and a corresponding layout methodology for monitoring instrumentation was proposed.