Air Pollution, Perceived Health Risks, and Public Policies : A Study Of Delhi NCR Region from 2015-2025

Urban areas are characterized by high population densities, complex transport networks, and concentrated commercial and industrial activity, all of which can intensify existing environmental and public health challenges. With their dense populations and infrastructure, cities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and other environmental stresses. The Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) consistently records poor Air Quality after October every year. It is the worst among Indian metropolitan areas, posing severe health risks and highlighting the need for systemic policy reform. Air pollution imposes a significant socio-economic burden on Delhi’s healthcare system and residents.  The present study examines the direct and indirect economic costs of air pollution-related major diseases. It also investigates public views towards air pollution mitigation strategies, policies, including interventions, identifying supporters of such measures among Delhi’s residents. 
An online survey of residents across different sections of Delhi NCR was conducted to assess health status, protective behaviors, attitudes toward air pollution recommendations, knowledge of air quality information, and perceptions of mitigation strategies. Respondents were asked whether their views were favorable or unfavorable toward specific policies and interventions.

It is indicated that deteriorating pulmonary health due to increased exposure to urban pollutants results in higher healthcare costs through higher hospitalization rates, longer-term treatments, and increased medication expenditures. Survey responses reveal varying levels of public support for mitigation strategies, with predictors including health status, awareness of air quality information, and adoption of protective behaviors. Public favorability toward interventions such as electric vehicle (EV) adoption, public transport expansion, and stricter pollution control policies underscores the importance of integrating health, economic, and behavioral dimensions into systemic policy reform. It is important to note that urban sustainability entails the reduction and effective management of pollution emissions in cities to safeguard environmental quality and protect public health.