Public Perception and Acceptance of Desalinated Water in Agadir, Morocco: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Water Management

The increasing reliance on desalinated water in water-scarce regions has raised concerns about its acceptance and perceived quality. This study aims to assess public perception and acceptance of desalinated water as drinking water in Agadir, Morocco, where it has been supplied since January 2022. The objective is to understand the challenges and opportunities of integrating desalinated water into the urban supply. A survey was conducted with 408 respondents using a questionnaire available in Arabic and French. It covered demographic information, evaluations of past and present drinking water quality, behavioral adaptations (such as using water filters or bottled water), perceived benefits and drawbacks of desalinated water, and the influence of social factors on its acceptance. Beyond the survey, this study includes water quality assessments across different districts of Agadir. These assessments aim to compare the quality of drinking water in various neighborhoods with that of desalinated water directly from the desalination plant. This approach seeks to provide objective data to support discussions about the acceptance and effectiveness of desalinated water as a sustainable solution. Preliminary results indicate that 69.2% of respondents perceive a decline in drinking water quality since the introduction of desalinated water, mainly due to changes in taste, odor, and clarity. Before January 2022, only 18% of respondents rated the water quality as good or very good, a perception that has significantly worsened. Additionally, 70% reported a deterioration in water quality. Regarding acceptance, 36% of respondents expressed reluctance or refusal to drink desalinated water. While some recognize its potential to reduce pressure on groundwater resources, concerns about cost, environmental impact, and organoleptic properties (taste, smell, and appearance) remain substantial barriers. Social and community influences also play a significant role in shaping opinions. The findings highlight the need for targeted awareness campaigns, strict quality control measures, and informed policy adjustments to build public trust in desalinated water. By presenting objective data on water quality and exploring public attitudes, this study provides valuable insights into the social dimensions of desalination projects. It emphasizes the importance of a strategic approach to integrating desalinated water into urban systems, addressing both public concerns and sustainable water resource management. This research contributes to broader discussions on sustainable water solutions.