Integrated Seismic–Potential Field Constraints on the Evolution of the Dniepr–Donets Rift Basin

The Dniepr–Donets Basin (DDB) is one of the largest and best-preserved intracontinental rift systems in Europe, yet the geodynamic processes responsible for its formation remain uncertain. There are two end-member models possible: (1) passive rifting driven by far-field tectonic stresses transmitted through the lithosphere, such as back-arc extension or plate boundary forces, and (2) active rifting associated with localized thermal anomalies in the mantle, potentially linked to plume-like upwellings. Distinguishing between these mechanisms is important for understanding why some continental rifts evolve toward oceanic break-up, whereas others, such as the DDB, remain confined within continental interiors.

This study aims to reassess the tectonic evolution of the DDB by integrating regional-scale seismic, borehole, gravity, and magnetic datasets into a coherent crustal and lithospheric framework. The core of the analysis is based on the interpretation of approximately 40 regional seismic reflection and refraction profiles, including classical and widely used datasets such as DOBRE’99 and Georift-2013. These seismic data are calibrated using stratigraphic, lithological, and velocity information from nearly 1,900 boreholes distributed across the basin. Fourteen key stratigraphic horizons are mapped consistently throughout the DDB, covering an area of ~76,900 km² and spanning the pre-rift, syn-rift, and post-rift sedimentary sequences.

Seismic interpretation is complemented by gravity and magnetic anomaly data, which are used to refine the geometry and continuity of major fault systems and crustal domains. The combined datasets allow the timing and kinematics of major faulting episodes and regional unconformities to be constrained with improved confidence. Balanced cross-section analysis along selected regional profiles provides quantitative estimates of crustal extension, fault displacement, and basin asymmetry, offering direct tests of competing rift models.

A three-dimensional structural model of the DDB that integrates seismic surfaces with borehole stratigraphy and velocity data is a key outcome of the work. Although still under development, this model reveals the three-dimensional architecture of the basin, including variations in sediment thickness, fault segmentation, and structural asymmetry along strike. Particular attention is paid to identifying systematic asymmetries in fault geometry and basin fill, which may indicate simple-shear deformation and lithospheric-scale detachment processes commonly associated with passive rifting. Linking shallow geological observations with deep crustal reflectivity patterns enables a more robust reconstruction of the basin’s long-term evolution.

Potential field data further provide constraints on the role of mantle processes during rifting. Spatial variations in gravity and magnetic anomalies are analyzed to detect possible mafic intrusions, high-density lower-crustal bodies, or anomalous mantle domains. These observations are used to evaluate whether thermal weakening of the lithosphere and magmatic underplating played a primary role, or whether rifting was dominated by mechanical stretching of a relatively cold lithosphere.

Overall, this ongoing research integrates crustal- and mantle-scale observations to explore the interplay between mantle dynamics, faulting, sedimentation, and basin subsidence. The results are expected to refine models of intracontinental rifting and clarify the conditions under which continental rifts either progress toward break-up or remain long-lived but abortive systems, as exemplified by the Dniepr–Donets Basin.