Update on the Use of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems for Operational Meteorology and Atmospheric Research

Currently, the WMO UAS-DC, which “aims at demonstrating the potential capability of UAS to play a role as an operational component of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) under the Global Basic Observing Network (GBON).” [WMO, 2024] is running since March 2024, with Special Observing Periods in April, August, and September 2024.

Around 50 operators of uncrewed aircraft systems, including private entities, NHMS, and research institutions, plan to contribute atmospheric measurements worldwide. Beyond the operator group, the data user group is expected to utilize the obtained data, assess their quality, and potentially guide observational and simulation experiments to explore their impact, distinct from traditional sources like radiosondes or the TAMDAR/AMDAR system. Initial results are anticipated in 2024, providing insights into system capabilities, deployed types, robustness, and operational modes.

The presentation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of global activities and common challenges faced. As most of the uncrewed measurement systems are deployed beyond visual line of sight, specific rules for granting permissions have to be applied. In addition to regulatory and safety concerns, hurdles related to adverse weather conditions such as high wind speed, precipitation, and in-flight icing are significant and will be discussed from the point of view of the operations by the Institute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany. Considering these aspects when projecting the future use of uncrewed aircraft systems in operational meteorology is crucial. A detailed examination of observational data and operation records will allow for an assessment of the progress demonstrated during the WMO UAS-DC.