The Impact of Scattering Clouds when Studying Exoplanet Emission Spectra with JWST

Observational studies of exoplanets show that many of them contain some form of cloud coverage. The current modelling techniques used in emission to account for the clouds tend to require prior knowledge of the cloud condensing species as well as not considering the scattering caused by the clouds. We explore the effects that scattering has on the emission spectra by modelling a suite of hot Jupiter atmospheres with varying cloud single scattering albedos and temperature profiles. We examine from simple isothermal cases to more complex thermal structures and physically driven cloud modelling. We show that scattering can produce spectral signatures in the emission spectrum even for isothermal atmospheres. We identify the problems that arise from fitting JWST spectra when the spectral shape is dominated by the scattering from the clouds. Finally, we propose a novel method of fitting the single scattering albedo of the cloud in emission retrievals, this technique does not require any prior knowledge of the cloud chemical or physical properties. We show that this technique can retrieve the wavelength dependent shape of the single scattering albedo while accurately modelling the chemistry in the atmosphere.