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IAHS has developed over the last 100 years with a key role for the discipline, the community and society. IAHS and committed individuals have defended values, implemented mechanisms, facilitated partnerships and catalysed outcomes which were precursors of the now-called Open Science paradigme. Actual developments within IAHS (including agenda-setting, synthesis, editorial and curating initiatives), across cooperations with sister associations and other learned societies (water-related, interfacing geosciences within IUGG, generic or systemic aspects within ISC), and across tangible partnerships with UN agencies and programmes (UNESCO IHP, WMO, and the wider UN Water dynamics) are strong contributions to the ongoing tectonic of Open Science in the field of hydrology. A panoramic view of these historical roots and actual developments shall allow to identify strengths, weaknesses and paths for IAHS and the hydrological community to contribute to the paradigme shift that is required, as called by the multilateral UNESCO recommendation on Open Science (2021), and knowing the increasing societal need for reinforced hydrological knowledge and methods in the frame of Agenda 2030 and beyond.

How to cite: Cudennec, C.: Open Science in hydrology – 100 years of precursors and actual tectonics from the IAHS perspective, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-592, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-592, 2022.

Over the past 21 years, WaterNet, a regional network that harnesses the complementary strengths of its 79 Members institutions,  has been assisting the water sector in the Southern Africa region to unlock its potential and provide capacity building in (i) graduate education, (ii)  collaborative research, (iii) continuous professional development, (iv) knowledge management and outreach. This paper provides insights, lessons learnt and reflections on future direction to be considered in rolling out of this regional initiative on capacity building with a focus on education, knowledge sharing and outreach for the water sector. WaterNet evolved from a project concept into a fully registered entity and SADC subsidiary institution for human and institutional capacity development for water resources management.  This regional initiative has been implemented through 5-year phases informed by strategies that are aligned with SADC Regional Strategic Action Plans, African Agenda (E.g. 2063) and global directions such as the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. WaterNet has grown to be accepted as a leader in capacity development for the water sector in the region, through its IWRM Masters programme that was jointly delivered by seven regional universities up to December 2021. The earlier phases largely relied on external expertise, the latter phases saw more and more trainers and teachers being sourced from the Network and region. The Network itself has gained knowledge and experience to develop, update and implement various aspects of the capacity building programme, and several universities have developed or have initiated the development of their own fully fledged Masters programme in IWRM. Research efforts from MSc and PhD work has yielded more than 500 publications which have attracted international audience. The WaterNet next phase (Phase V, 2022-2026) will further emphasised on outreach beyond the academic community. Emphasis will also be placed on sustainability of the network and research outputs that have impact on communities and will incorporate climate change, systemic thinking and innovation.

Keywords: WaterNet, Capacity building, Knowledge sharing, Integrated Water Resources Management

How to cite: Kileshye-Onema, J.-M., Makurira, H., and Kgabi, N.: Enhancing knowledge sharing and building capacity for water resources management: Insights from Southern Africa, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-729, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-729, 2022.

Since 1975, the Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme (IHP) has enabled and supported an interdisciplinary and integrated approach to watershed and aquifer management. Through the years, IHP officers and projects have combined a rigorous understanding of hydrologic processes with the recognition of the value of sound water resources management policies. As such, it has strived to incorporate social dimensions of water and to support international cooperation in hydrological and freshwater sciences. As an international science and policy programme, it occupies a unique interface with policy-makers, and has a strong history of supporting the development of both institutional and individual capacity to understand and manage water resources.

Through these initiatives, IHP has played an important role in advancing the science and practice of hydrology and as a uniquely international programme, has played a particular important role in broadening hydrology as science and bringing in perspectives and ideas reflecting knowledge across the spectrum of its member states. As we move towards the 50th anniversary of IHP, it is an opportune time to reflect on the state of hydrology as a science and its practice in supporting water resources management and the role that IHP has played. This presentation provides a reflection on the role of IHP in the development and practice of the science of hydrology and considers the role that the next phase of IHP i.e. IHP - IX i.e. “Science for a Water Secure World in a Changing Environment” can play in the development and application of hydrological as a science in the future.

How to cite: Jewitt, G. and Mishra, A.: Advancing the Science and Practice of Hydrology: Past and future contributions of UNESCO-IHP, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-662, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-662, 2022.

One of the main drivers of the recent WMO governing bodies reform is to enhance the contribution of WMO to the international water agenda. In this respect, the Extraordinary World Meteorological Congress held in October 2021 has adopted a new WMO Vision, Strategy and Plan of Action for Hydrology.

In the Vision and Strategy, WMO Member States declare that by 2030 a cooperative global community should be successfully addressing the growing challenges related to hydrological extremes, water availability and quality, and food security, by advancing operational hydrology through enhanced science, infrastructure, capacity-building, and related services, in the context of sustainable development and enhanced resilience.

In the Action Plan, WMO Members, National Hydrological and Meteorological Services, UN organizations, other partner international organizations and relevant public, private and academic institutions are urged to collaborate in implementing a strategic suite of activities to enhance services for operational hydrology to be supported by WMO in the period 2022–2030. Congress also endorsed the WMO Hydrological Research Strategy 2022–2030: “Operational Hydrology Research Priorities”, as an input to the global research community on the areas of priority research needed to support the provision of improved hydrological services. 

In a landmark Water Declaration, Congress set the following aspirations:

• That by 2030 early warnings for early action related to floods and droughts will be available for people everywhere on the planet to access
• That policies for water and climate action developed within the sustainable development agenda be integrated to yield maximum benefit for our people
• That these goals will be pursued through partnerships for capacity development, knowledge exchange and information sharing, formulating policies, institutional and legal/regulatory frameworks.

Finally, Congress adopted a new WMO Unified Data Policy to dramatically strengthen the world’s weather, climate and hydrological services through a systematic increase in much-needed observational data and data products from across the globe. The new policy reaffirms the commitment to the free and unrestricted exchange of data, which has been the bedrock of WMO since it was established more than 70 years ago.

How to cite: Caponi, C. and Cullmann, J.: WMO recent developments to contribute to open science and education in operational hydrology, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-705, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-705, 2022.

The GGIAR is a global research for development partnership for a food secure future dedicated to reducing poverty, enhancing food and nutrition security, and improving natural resources including water. It comprises 13 Centers with a total of more than 10,000 staff members mainly working in the Global South. It developed the new CGIAR 2030 Research and Innovation strategy that redefined its mission and targets a systems transformation approach for food, land, and water systems. It is a major realignment of food system research that contributes to transformations to end hunger and malnutrition but also supports climate solutions, gender equality, job creation, prosperous livelihoods, opportunities for the youth, environmental health and biodiversity, and aims to develop effective solutions to achieve the SDGs.

Water will play a central role in this new strategy. This presentation will summarize key new research initiatives and their links to hydrological and water system sciences. It will discuss relevant research questions and outline possible solutions to achieve progress with the SDGs. Furthermore, ways to include the hydrological sciences community better in CGIAR research and to strengthen the links to intergovernmental programs will be suggested.

How to cite: Uhlenbrook, S., McCartney, M., Ringler, C., McDonnell, R., and Smith, M.: Strengthening water system research at the CGIAR to achieve a water and food secure world, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-627, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-627, 2022.

Open science is high on the agenda of academic, national, and intergovernmental organizations because of its commitment to transparency and reproducibility. Transparent and inclusive research practices facilitate reproducibility and collaboration while improving research accessibility, attribution, governance, and community-driven support for marginalized researchers and stakeholders not usually included or credited in research. Hydrology is an inter- and multi-disciplinary science that integrates qualitative and quantitative data (field, lab, models, etc.) to address human life and natural ecosystems issues. Research progress in hydrology depends on accessibility of research output, like data, code, and publications. This necessitates openness – documentation and sharing of one’s research process, including definitions, motivations, justifications and assumptions, practices, and methods.

One fundamental step toward a more inclusive and diverse research community is to create equal access to knowledge for all hydrologists across the globe. Open science can facilitate equitable advancement and innovation to solve challenges and work towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To address barriers to starting or advancing one’s open science practices, we introduced the Open Hydrology Principles (Hall et al., 2021, HESS) and practical guide for hydrology researchers. We discuss the benefits and share tips to engaging in open science by focusing on four principal themes related to (1) Open Research Process and Approach, (2) Open Data, (3) Open Software Development and Use, and (4) Open Publishing. We hope that this guide enriched with practical advice (tips, tools, and resources) will help strengthen inclusivity and diversity in hydrology and globally inspire more hydrologists to pursue open science. We encourage everyone to contribute to the community-supported repository of open hydrology resources at https://open-hydrology.github.io/.   

How to cite: Hall, C., Dogulu, N., Saia, S., Popp, A., Schymanski, S., Drost, N., van Emmerik, T., and Hut, R.: Open Hydrology Principles and Practical Guide to Promote Diverse and Inclusive Research, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-609, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-609, 2022.

Open and free data underpin a new way of thinking about what is required to advance scientific discoveries. The fourth paradigm for hydrology, i.e. data-intensive science, can only lead to transformative science and groundbreaking findings if data is freely accessible. Open datasets are available online, are accessible in machine-readable formats (i.e. not pdfs or reports), and are obtainable by the public. Free refers to the availability of datasets  at no cost to individuals, researchers, institutions, or projects. Here, we provide a broad perspective on the current state of hydrological data including data quality, reliability, uncertainty, national and/or international data policies with a special focus on hydropolitics including current data policies. We also discuss the need for increasing awareness and improving visibility of existing datasets and dedicated projects and repositories. Crowdsourced scientific efforts enable collaborative work and provide potential solutions to these issues. We report on our work initiating a crowdsourced manuscript with an inventory of open and free hydrological datasets from around the world, providing a database of static links, data DOIs, descriptions of datasets, and the general typologies of these data including their usability, uncertainty, quality, and trustworthiness. Our work catalyzes new discussions around data requirements for advancing hydrological research.

How to cite: Newcomer, M., Dogulu, N., Iravani, H., Dembélé, M., Uysal, G., Roy, T., and Fischer, S.: Open and Free Datasets for Hydrology Research: Insights, Challenges and Opportunities, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-310, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-310, 2022.

To facilitate reproducible hydrological research and support model testing and evaluation, several datasets gathering hydroclimatic information on large catchment samples have been released in different regions of the world over the last years. Addor et al. (2017) proposed a large dataset of Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies (CAMELS), consisting of 671 catchments in the contiguous United States. Then other datasets were produced in the CAMELS framework in Great Britain (CAMELS-GB, 671 catchments), Chile (CAMELS-CL, 516 catchments), Brazil (CAMELS-BR, 897 catchments) and Australia (CAMELS-AUS, 222 catchments). They consist of catchment hydro-meteorological time series and catchment attributes.

This presentation aims at introducing CAMELS-FR, a dataset on French catchments that was set up for hydrological studies. This dataset has been assembled at INRAE, France, based on an automatized processing chain of national data products (Delaigue et al. 2020), among which are the SAFRAN atmospheric reanalysis produced by Météo-France (Vidal et al., 2010) and the national river flow archive (Banque HYDRO), maintained by the French centre for flood forecasting (SCHAPI). CAMELS-FR provides daily catchment-scale hydrometeorological time series (streamflow, solid and liquid precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, temperature, etc.) covering the 1958-2020 period. Catchment characteristics such as land cover, topography (i.e. elevation and slope distributions, drainage density, topographic index, etc.) are also provided, with information about possible regulations upstream, and with some basic information on data quality. Graphical summary sheets provide synthetic information on the main characteristics of each catchment. The performance of several lumped rainfall-model models applied on the CAMELS-FR dataset will be presented, in order to highlight potential uses of this dataset for modeling applications. The CAMELS-FR dataset will be made freely available to the scientific community in partnership with data providers (Météo-France and SCHAPI).

Références :

Addor, N. et al.  (2017). The CAMELS data set: catchment attributes and meteorology for large-sample studies, HESS, 21, 5293-5313, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5293-2017.

Delaigue, O. et al. (2020). Database of watershedscale hydroclimatic observations in France. Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, HYCAR Research Unit, Hydrology group, Antony, https://webgr.inrae.fr/base-de-donnees.

Vidal, J.P. et al.  (2010). A 50-Year High-Resolution Atmospheric Reanalysis over France with the Safran System. Int. J. Climatol. 30, 11 (2010): 1627‑44. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2003.

How to cite: Delaigue, O., Brigode, P., Andréassian, V., Perrin, C., Etchevers, P., Soubeyroux, J.-M., Janet, B., and Addor, N.: CAMELS-FR: A large sample hydroclimatic dataset for France to explore hydrological diversity and support model benchmarking, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-521, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-521, 2022.

Future climate projections suggest hydrological extremes (floods and droughts) will become more frequent and severe, further heightening the already substantial impacts they cause to lives and livelihoods, infrastructure and economies. To adapt to future changes in water availability, we need projections of future flood and drought occurrence. Numerical simulation models are used to provide such scenarios, but they are complex and highly uncertain. To better understand and constrain these model-based projections, we need to quantify emerging trends in the water cycle. This requires long records of past hydrological observations; river flows are especially useful because river flows integrate climate processes over the large areas covered by drainage basins.

There have been many studies of long term changes in river flow around the world, but past research, confidence in observed trends remains very low. This is primarily due to the modification of river flows by human activities (e.g. presence of dams, abstraction of water for irrigation or human consumption, etc.). These disturbances can obscure the ‘signal’ of climate change, i.e., trends in many rivers may bear no relation to global warming and may be opposing the climate trend. To detect climate-driven trends we need to analyse river basins that are relatively undisturbed by such human impacts. To this end, many countries have ‘Reference Hydrometric Networks’ (RHNs) of minimally altered catchments providing high quality data. However, these are sparse, globally, and there is a need for an integrated approach to advance international assessments of hydrological change, that are a foundation of international assessments such as the IPCC Reports.

Here we introduce the ROBIN initiative, where we are advancing a worldwide effort to bring together a global RHN. With a growing network of partners from 20 countries spanning a broad range of climates and geographies, ROBIN will develop a network of catchments across the world to undertake the first, truly global scale analysis of trends in river flows using undisturbed catchments. With the support of international organisations, including WMO, UNESCO and IPCC, ROBIN will lay the foundations for an enduring network of catchments, and scientists, to support global trend assessments in the future.

How to cite: Hannaford, J., Barker, L., Turner, S., Dixon, H., Griffin, A., and Killeen, A.: ROBIN - A Reference Observatory of Basins for INternational hydrological climate change detection, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-670, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-670, 2022.

The OZCAR (Critical Zone Observatories network) Research Infrastructure (RI) brings together a group of observatories in the critical zone, the thin pellicle on the Earth's surface between the unweathered rocks and the lower atmosphere, which is the living environment of living beings. These long-term observatories were historically created in France to answer specific scientific questions such as the impact of rainfall acidification on forests, the genesis of extreme floods and the understanding of nitrate pollution. They document different compartments of the critical zone (atmosphere, soil, surface water, groundwater, cryosphere, wetlands, biosphere, etc.) through the measurement of a large number of meteorological, hydrological, hydrogeological, geochemical, surface fluxes and vegetation dynamics variables. The aim of OZCAR RI is to foster data sharing between these observatories through a common data portal, to promote the use of the collected data through the synergy between data and models, to allow the development and deployment of new measurement techniques, and to favor interdisciplinary researches. These observatories, and their counterparts at the European scale gathered in eLTER RI, provide highly instrumented sites and platforms that can provide data and experimental sites for addressing some of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology. The presentation will illustrate this through examples of researches conducted in the OZCAR RI network.

https://www.ozcar-ri.org/fr/ozcar-observatoires-de-la-zone-critique-applications-et-recherche/

How to cite: Braud, I. and Gaillardet, J.: The OZCAR Critical Zone Observatory Network: an opportunity to address some unsolved problems in hydrology, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-489, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-489, 2022.

The number of publications in the field of Hydrology is rising at an almost exponential rate. In 2020, more than 25 000 articles were listed in Web of Science on the topic of Water Resources. This offers a wealth of knowledge for an improved understanding of the Earth System and Hydrology. However, it is increasingly difficult for hydrologists to keep aware of knowledge gains. How do we deal with this flood of information? Do we rely on pre-selection of papers based on publication date or journal impact factor? Do we specialise into increasingly narrow fields of knowledge?

These tendencies of a growing science can be detrimental to a broad hydrologic perspective as called for by the WMO Hydrologic Action Plan, the IAHS initiatives “Panta Rhei” and 23 UPH. Studying interacting processes is made increasingly difficult if we dissect our science into smaller and smaller parts to stay on top of the literature.

One approach to address this problem of literature explosion might be to extend article metadata to include hydrology-specific information that can facilitate knowledge search, accumulation and synthesis. Imagine one could easily find all studies done in a specific location/ climate/ land use thus allowing a full picture of the hydrology of that region/ climate/ land use. It is important for a science like hydrology, which is strongly depending on experience, that local knowledge is not “forgotten” in a mountain of publications but can easily be integrated into larger understanding.

The leads to the question, what meta-information would be most useful in knowledge synthesis? Study location? Spatial and/or temporal scale? Models used? We are interested to hear further suggestions and needs by the community. Here, we would like to (re-)start the discussion on hydrologically-relevant metadata enrichment. With the recent advancement in text mining scholarly literature, it is critical to have this discussion now or miss out on opportunities in this field.

A science like hydrology strongly depends on experiences we gain and which we largely share through the articles we publish. Knowledge accumulation in our science is hindered if this exchange of knowledge becomes ineffective. We are afraid it already has!

How to cite: Stein, L. and Wagener, T.: Advancing knowledge accumulation and synthesis in hydrology, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-219, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-219, 2022.

Weather data are one of the most consumed daily information by society. In mountain areas in Mediterranean basins, besides the general interest, the occurrence and persistence of snow constitute a key issue for water management, since different accumulation-ablation cycles during the cold season largely influence the fluvial regime with strong differences on an annual basis.

The Global Monitoring System SNOWMED in Sierra Nevada is a web-based service that provides the general public with free quasi-real time snow-related information. Based on the distributed physically-based snow model, SNOWMED, a high resolution multiscale scheme developed to solve the energy and water balance equations in the snowpack in Mediterranean mountain areas, the GMS communicates with the weather network and updates the simulation by SNOWMED on a daily basis, and retrieves selected information from the observations and results that is presented in a readable and straightforward format. Besides static information on the location and characteristics of the network, the model, and the research work that feeds the service, the target variables provided are

• Daily values of weather variables (tables, and last 10-day graphical display) and statistics (on-going month and hydrological year)
• Access to real-time images by web cameras
• Current water volume in the snowpack in contributing areas to selected control points, and over the whole area of Sierra Nevada (table) and SWE distribution (graph from 30x30 m simulated maps)
• Snowmelt cumulative volume (last 24 hours) from the contributing areas to selected control points in the river network, and aggregated over the whole area of Sierra Nevada, and distributed snowmelt daily (last 24 hours) fluxes (graph from 30x30 m simulated maps)

Since 2017, beyond the increasing number of visitors, the Water Authorities in this area regularly use the information as an early-predictor of weekly inflows to reservoirs and the recession periods after peak accumulations of snow, and report situations when simulations do not adequately match the observed flows. GMS-SNOWMED has proven to be an efficient tool not only to share the research work carried out in this area with citizens, but also to foster two-way transfer of knowledge, in a clear example of open-science for society.

How to cite: Polo, M. J., Herrero, J., Contreras, E., Pimentel, R., Aguilar, C., and Herrera, E.: GMS-SNOWMED: Linking scientific knowledge with society in an open global monitoring system of snow hydrology in Sierra Nevada (Spain), IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-605, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-605, 2022.

In Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) options have accelerated “education for preparedness” initiatives for 100 million people living at >90,000 water-risk prone areas. Before and during COVID pandemic, innovative T-shaped (“breadth-and-depth”) labs of open science have promoted education towards the Agenda 2030. Here we depict actions delivered by the Water-Adaptive Design & Innovation lab (@TheWADILab) to provide citizen science with inclusiveness (CC+), as a learning accelerator of human-water coevolution under change (i.e. ‘Panta Rhei Open Science for Future Earth’, PROSFE). We summarize CC+PROSFE examples of practical learning with a blend of options at the DRR Center for Education and Research on Disasters (CEPED, www.ceped.eesc.usp.br) through: open access to data and tools, new mechanisms, hybrid curation platforms, competency-skill curricula, and blended education. First, examples have been applied during >1,200 hours of lectures of hydrology to >600 students, ranging from “puzzling 3D transboundary aquifer” for  undergraduate students (Fig 1) to competency learning (skills, fundamentals, attitudes) of blended education for professionals (Fig 2). Second, CC+PROSFE aims to: (1) mobilize international cooperation to improve knowledge and innovation to address water security challenges at “Panta Rhei Schools", i.e. welcoming visiting scientists to the School of Advanced Studies in Water & Society Under Change (SASW≻ http://www1.eesc.usp.br/ppgshs/internacionalizacao), (2) strengthen science-policy interface to reach water security at local-to-global levels through the new UNESCO Chair in Urban Waters and the new WMO-Americas Regional Climate Centre hosted by Prohimet (https://www.prohimet.org/), (3) pave new pathways for water security knowledge to empower and activate citizenry at the local level using the Socio-Hydrological Observatory for Water Security (SHOWS), cycles of #OneDropOfScience #OneDoseOfResilience and Academia-Community’s Waters for Our World! Project (https://prg.usp.br/academia-comunidade-wow-waters-for-our-world/), and (4) develop institutional and human capacities for water security, sustainability and inspiration through water literacy and communication in the joint initiative of UNESCO-IHP-LAC & Pechakucha (https://www.pechakucha.com/events/agua-todavia-unesco-x-pechakucha).

How to cite: Mendiondo, E. M., Sarmento Buarque, A. C., Fava, M. C., Batalini de Macedo, M., Chiquito Gesualdo, G., Taffarello, D., Arguello de Souza, F. A., Benso, M. R., Castillo Rapalo, L. M., Navarro, F. R., de Souza, B., Nobrega Gomez Jr, M., and Ambrogi do Lago, C.: Accelerating Inclusive Learning of Hydrology Under Change and COVID Times With Actions Towards a Panta Rhei Open Science for Future Earth, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-748, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-748, 2022.

This presentation intends to inspire the scientific community with an overview of tangible examples on how hydrological research can help realising each of the global Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 at a sub-goal level (in brackets below). Examples will be given from on-going work in the following hydrological fields, where new knowledge and understanding is crucial.

Hydrological forecasting and warning services help reducing exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events (1.5), increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix (7.2), devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism (8.9), significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses (11.5).

Water allocation and ecosystem services strengthen food production systems for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters (2.4), protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes (6.6), achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources (12.2), ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services (15.1).

Water quality assessments help ending water-borne diseases (3.3), improve water quality by reducing pollution (6.3), achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and significantly reduce their release to water (12.4), prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities (14.1).

Climate change impact assessments strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters (13.1).

Education, capacity development, participatory modelling and co-creation with stakeholders ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development (4.7), enhance the use of enabling technology also empowering women (5b), support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management (6.b), facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries (9.a), empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all (10.2), ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels (16.7), broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries (16.8) and enhance international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation with knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms (17.6).

How to cite: Arheimer, B. and the Hydrological Research unit of SMHI: Hydrological sciences realising the UN Sustainable Development Goals, IAHS-AISH Scientific Assembly 2022, Montpellier, France, 29 May–3 Jun 2022, IAHS2022-583, https://doi.org/10.5194/iahs2022-583, 2022.