Extreme Urban Heat Risks and Their Impacts on Mental Well-Being: Lived Experiences and Survey Results from Southeast Asia’s Informal Settlements

This study examines how extreme urban heat affects the social and mental well-being of communities in informal settlements in Southeast Asian megacities, particularly Quezon City and Bangkok. In a region with persistently high temperatures, residents often view extreme heat-as-usual, reducing the urgency for effective risk management. Low-income populations in informal settlements face unique challenges due to this heat exposure. While the coping strategies they employ aim to alleviate impacts, they often worsen vulnerabilities, causing significant mental health strain, including increased anxiety and distress linked to socioeconomic issues. Additionally, the financial burden of these strategies heightens mental well-being challenges for residents. The study uses a mixed-methods approach: surveys quantify residents’ perceptions and coping strategies, while focus group yield more profound insights into their lived experiences. This research highlights the necessity of understanding the perceptions of vulnerable populations to develop equitable interventions. Findings show that risk perceptions influence coping behaviours and participation in community initiatives. While communities recognise the risks of extreme urban heat, their responses are often reactive, underscoring the need for better engagement and targeted initiatives from the local authorities. By linking risk perception and mental well-being, this study assists in creating urban planning and policies that address the challenges of informal settlement communities adapting to climate change and extreme urban heat.