Analysis of the Urban Microclimate in the Historic Center of Málaga: Mitigation Strategies Adapted to the Mediterranean Climate

This study explores the urban microclimate in the historic center of Málaga, Spain, focusing on how construction materials, urban morphology, and surface characteristics influence localized temperature variations. The research was conducted between June 24 and July 5, 2024, using a Fluke TI400 thermal camera and a bicycle-mounted measurement system to capture spatially detailed thermal data. Measurements followed the Picassian route of Málaga at two critical times: 11:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m., providing insights into both diurnal and nocturnal temperature profiles.

The analysis of thermal data from building façades and pavements identified significant temperature variations linked to material properties, façade height, and urban density. High-density areas, with limited vegetation and impermeable surfaces, retained more heat during summer nights, exacerbating the urban heat island (UHI) effect. These findings emphasize the role of urban morphology and material choices in shaping local microclimates and thermal comfort levels, particularly in Mediterranean cities like Málaga.

To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends targeted urban design interventions, including increasing vegetation, using permeable pavements, incorporating high-reflectance materials, and adding shading elements in heat-prone areas. These strategies, tailored to Málaga’s climate, aim to reduce heat stress, improve thermal comfort, and enhance urban resilience to climate change. This research contributes valuable knowledge on urban microclimate dynamics and provides a framework for sustainable urban planning in Mediterranean environments.