Exploring Human Bio Meteorological Conditions in a Heritage Site: A case of a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hampi, India.

India's rich and diverse cultural heritage attracts millions of domestic and international visitors annually. However, the human bio meteorological aspects of these heritage sites remain unexplored areas of tourism. As climate change intensifies temperature extremes and alters seasonal weather patterns, evaluating and improving thermal comfort has become a pressing issue for heritage site managers and policymakers. This study assessed human bio meteorological conditions in a UNESCO World Heritage site in Hampi, India, based on energy budget indices Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). We conducted microclimatic field observations in summer and winter in four locations in Hampi (Hampi Bazaar Street, Vittala Bazar Street, Royal Center, and Kampa Bhupa's Path). The study reports that Hampi Bazaar Street and Royal Center experience moderate heat stress during winter, with a mean UTCI of 37°C and a mean PET of 40°C.

In contrast, during the summer, Vittala Bazaar Street and Kampa Bhupa's Path face stronger heat stress, with a mean UTCI of 45°C and mean PET of 48°C, compared to the other locations. According to the thermal stress indices, both seasons experience high thermal stress and lack significant outdoor thermal comfort. Results can help formulate strategies to improve the outdoor microclimate of a heritage site.