Sun Safe Playgrounds: An Analysis of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) in Australia’s Sunshine Coast

Record cases of skin cancer in Australia emphasise the urgent need for greater Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) protection, particularly in public spaces and where children spend time. This study analysed shade provisions in 10 parks in the Sunshine Coast (Australia), all located in a highly desirable and rapidly developing area with projections of significant increase in population. Using a combination of empirical and quantitative methods, this work evaluated the existing shade infrastructure in playgrounds. Methods used included participant observation, shade analysis, and UVR measurements. Sky View Factor analysis and UVR measurements in several locations – within and around each audited playground – were undertaken to assess the protection factor and effectiveness of shade structures, and a 3D model of each of the 10 parks was developed to assess the shade coverage. Results highlighted disparities regarding shade effectiveness. Whilst all parks had some form of built shade, playgrounds with dense trees proved more effective in reducing UVR levels. In addition, the size, quality, age, and shade cloths’ placement impact its protection capacity. Overall, the significant severity of UVR levels in these areas was unveiled, indicating the need for greater shade-based regulations to guarantee UVR protection. This work contributes to raising awareness regarding the relationship between skin cancer prevention and the urban design and planning professions. It also highlights that skin cancer is a major issue alongside urban heat, and safe and shade-based designs must be a priority for long-term population health, particular in tropical and subtropical locations.