The need to incorporate the multidimensional value of sharks to improve management of socio-ecosystems

Over the past 50 years, global oceanic shark abundances have declined by 70% and the risk of extinction has reached more than half of all reef shark species, largely due to overfishing. This dramatic reduction threatens marine ecosystem stability in a time of accelerating climate change and endangers the livelihoods of coastal communities that depend on this fauna. This situation highlights the urgent need for conservation approaches that respect and integrate local perspectives limiting the negative impacts in the wellbeing of local communities.

The ecological role and importance of sharks in marine ecosystems have received particular attention in light with their massive decline. However, this western view of approaching conservation only captures one of the multidimensional values of sharks for socio-ecosystems. Relying solely on their ecological importance could lead to unsuitable and inefficient conservation measures. In fact, other dimensions, such as economic, cultural and traditional values, are essential to consider to address efficient conservation policy.

Here, we review the multidimensional importance of sharks inside socio-ecosystems by addressing a multidisciplinary approach. We then identify biocultural indicators specific to sharks, linking ecological factors to cultural practices and values in coastal socio-ecosystems. The integration of local knowledge with academic studies reveal patterns of interactions between artisanal fisheries and sharks, fishing practices, ecosystem health and socio-economic conditions, including food security and local responses to management strategies.

Ultimately, this biocultural approach will inform conservation policies that align with global sustainable development goals, promoting socio-ecosystem based management that is both ecologically effective and culturally respectful at the community level, and are likely to be more successful.