Sleeping data awakened: Exploring 20+ years of socio-ecological dynamics in NW Mediterranean fisheries

In the framework of the recently awarded EU Project Digital Twin-sustained 4D ecological monitoring of restoration in fishery depleted areas (DIGI4ECO), we are investigating the socio-ecological dynamics of demersal fisheries in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea over the past 20+ years. This research draws on an extensive collection of "sleeping data" from over 30 oceanographic cruises, meaning data that’s not digitalized, standardized and therefore not used. Our goal is uncovering the impacts of anthropogenic pressures, regulatory policies, and economic factors on deep-sea demersal populations, providing an historical perspective on the sustainability of Mediterranean fisheries. This “sleeping data” allows to evaluate how demersal species biomass and abundance have shifted over time from earlier, less impacted conditions, and to explore the connections between these changes, fishing practices, and economic outcomes for local fisheries. To capture the complexity of these dynamics, we will employ a variety of statistical and quantitative methods. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) will allow for the exploration of nonlinear trends in species populations and community structures over time. Multivariate ordination techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (Bray-Curtis), will distinct ecological patterns across different periods and locations. Additionally, fishery metrics such as landings, catch per unit effort (CPUE), income, and revenue will be examined to provide insights into the economic viability and impacts of fishing activities on local livelihoods. This approach addresses a critical research gap, as no study has yet comprehensively assessed these combined factors over time. Our work offers actionable insights to policymakers and stakeholders, revealing how historical data can support informed decisions on sustainable fishing practices and economic resilience in the Mediterranean. Ultimately, this research will help develop strategies to ensure that Mediterranean fisheries can thrive sustainably, balancing ecological integrity with socio-economic needs.