Bycatch refers to the unintentional capture of non-targeted species during fishing operations. Bycatch in artisanal fisheries, such as traditional beach seine fishing, poses significant ecological and economic challenges. This study assesses the poorly studied beach seine fishery in Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka, focusing on socio-economic dynamics and bycatch. A six month sociological survey followed by a year-long fishery observer survey at weekly intervals were conducted to study the beach seine fishery which primarily targets species like Caranx spp., Tuna spp., and others. Economic analysis revealed a daily salary range of Rs. 500-15,000 (approximately US$ 1.58 – 47.31) for a single fisherman. Study identified 52 bycatch species captured during the time period, with 27 fish species and non-fish bycatch including turtles, crabs, and jellyfish. Bycatch represented 23% - 46% of the total catch, indicating significant ecological implications. This study provides insight into the fisher community and traditional beach seine fishery in Mount Lavinia, contributing to a broader understanding of the impacts of artisanal fisheries and paving the way for informed conservation and management strategies.

How to cite: Aldeniyagoda Gedara, G. C. B., Wijekoon Mudiyanselage, B. S. J., Thanthrige Dona, H. N. S., Lelwala Gamage, S. J., Jayamanne Mohottige Done, N. P. J., and Diyapattugama Vidanelage, L. V. S.: A Holistic Exploration into the Sociological Status and By-catch in Sri Lanka’s Traditional Beach Seine (Ma-Dala) Fisheries - A Case study from Colombo, Sri Lanka, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-86, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-86, 2025.

In my presentation, I will show the preliminary results of a research that started in January 2024 and is currently analyzing the case of Cuajiniquil in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The main objective is to identify the relationship between the causal factors of IUU (Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated) fishing carried out by artisanal fishers in this area, and the effectiveness of governmental measures aimed at preventing and repressing such activities. Specifically, the research explores the following questions: Were the preventive and repressive measures against IUU fishing designed and implemented by national authorities considering its causes? And, therefore, do these measures achieve the expected outcomes? The preliminary results show that these measures are ineffective because they do not consider the reasons why artisanal fishers engage in IUU fishing. These reasons are mainly related to their socio-economic vulnerability, the diminishing of fish stock in the area, and the fact that local and national institutions, particularly those dedicated to controlling fishing activities, are considered illegitimate by artisanal fishers.

A  Cost Rican PhD student enrolled at the "Ecology and Conservation Science for Sustainable Seas (ECOSEAS, Université Côte d'Azur)" has recently started research in Nice (France) on the same topics to compare the results of both studies and generate recommendations to local and national authorities of France and Costa Rica.

How to cite: Saborío, S.: IUU Fishing Among Artisanal Fishers in Costa Rica: Causal Factors and the Effectiveness of Preventive and Repressive Measures, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-194, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-194, 2025.

Technology can be a valuable tool for identifying illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing (IUU), but tracking technologies that are required for larger commercial vessels or used to monitor industrial fishing fleets may not be applicable or available for small-scale fisheries. Marine Monitor (M2) is a novel research method that helps fill this critical data gap by repurposing marine radar, a common and familiar technology, to independently track all vessels, regardless of their size. To support coastal communities and local enforcement tasked with monitoring small-scale fishing activity, M2 provides real-time alerts for immediate response and activity summaries for analyzing compliance with regulations over time. This presentation will share findings through case studies and interactive examples from locations where radar specifically monitors small-scale fishing. With over thirty systems deployed across thirteen countries, M2 is an effective and accessible tool for monitoring IUU that includes high resolution tracking data on small-scale fisheries activity and a comprehensive record of compliance.

The primary components of the M2 system are X-band marine radar, a high-definition camera, and computer for processing incoming data. Typically deployed along the coast, the radar system identifies and reports the geolocation of vessels that are active in the adjacent marine area every two to six seconds. These positions are stored by M2 software and formed into track lines as a visual representation of a vessel’s path through space and time. Data provide a continuous record of activity, and behavior characteristics of the vessel, such as speed, are used to identify prohibited activities. The camera is autonomously directed to the position of these vessels to also capture photographs. Data are immediately transferred to the cloud, so that managers can receive notifications of suspicious activity and view data on their own devices. Access to historical data has supported seasonal and year-over-year analyses of activity and revealed small-scale fishing activities and trends within protected and managed areas.

Generating data on small-scale fishing activity contributes to multiple targets under Sustainable Development Goal 14, specifically the needs of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and other coastal communities. Targets 14.a and 14.b call for the transfer of marine technology to developing countries and resources for managing small-scale fisheries. By repurposing common tools, like radar, M2 systems are lower cost than many high tech solutions and can be rapidly deployed without extensive training. In addition to supporting enforcement and combating IUU, M2 data also provide a method for measuring sustainability of local fisheries in these communities, contributing to target indicator 14.7.1. To help catalyze progress toward achieving these targets, this presentation will include examples from SIDS, demonstrating an approachable technology that is field-tested, helping identify and deter IUU, and actively informing management of small-scale fisheries around the world today.

How to cite: King, S., Tougher, B., Zetterlind, V., and Irawan, B.: Marine Monitor (M2): Generating new data on small-scale fishing activity and compliance, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-369, 2025.

Over the last three decades, global awareness of ocean degradation has grown, with one of the major issues being illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Addressing this complex problem requires further investigation and information, as it has significant social and ecological consequences that impact socioeconomically vulnerable coastal communities worldwide. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are essential tools for managing coastal socio-ecosystems, regulating human activity at sea, ensuring sustainable fishery management, and preserving fish stocks and their associated habitats. This research aims to understand these factors and how they are linked to IUU fishing in MPAs in Costa Rica and France.

Costa Rica is an interesting case for studying marine management challenges due to its rich biodiversity and nearly five decades of conservation history. The country has been actively working to improve its marine area management. The North Pacific region of Costa Rica has unique socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, featuring diverse marine-coastal ecosystems. However, it is also one of the country's areas most affected by socioeconomic issues, where coastal communities rely on fishing for survival, and IUU fishing plays a critical role. The rapid growth of tourism and the fishing sector in this region is putting increasing pressure on its ecosystems.

Similarly, the French Mediterranean coast faces intense pressure on its ecosystems and local communities. Here, communities involved in fishing activities also experience social and environmental challenges. Overfishing has drastically altered the coastal ecosystems, making the Mediterranean one of the world’s most heavily exploited areas. In response, several MPAs with different legal statuses have been established along the French Mediterranean coast since 1963.

The primary objective of this research is to “Compare the relationship between the causal factors of IUU fishing by artisanal fishers and the effectiveness of prevention and enforcement measures implemented by government institutions in the MPAs of Costa Rica’s North Pacific and the Région Sud of France.” The study applies the Social-Ecological System Framework (SESF), which facilitates interdisciplinary analysis. This framework provides a comprehensive list of concepts to analyze socio-ecological systems (SES), enabling identification of critical components and relationships essential to understanding SES. It will be used to analyze primary and secondary data from France and Costa Rica to compare the situations in both countries and draw applicable lessons.

How to cite: Fournier, J., Derijard, B., Saborio, S., Sabourault, C., and Cunin, E.: Comparative analysis of IUU fishing in MPAs of the North Pacific of Costa Rica and the Région Sud of France: causes and effectiveness of preventive and repressive measures, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-562, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-562, 2025.

Through the Target 14.6 of the Sustainable Development Goals framework, and through negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO), the international community has committed to eliminate subsidies that are detrimental to the health of global fish stocks.

The WTO Agreement of Fisheries Subsidies adopted in June 2022 already contains provisions to discipline some of the most potentially harmful types of subsidies: those that benefit illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing; those that benefit the fishing of overfished stocks; and those that benefit fishing in the unregulated high seas. Negotiations are now on-going to further discipline subsidies that contribute to over-capacity and over-fishing.

While the first phase of the agreement is still to be implemented, and a second phase  of negotiations is on-going, what can governments do, in practice, to ensure that their support policies do not benefit those engaging in IUU fishing? And what can they do to avoid encouraging other types of unsustainable fishing practices with government support in general?

The OECD contributes to shedding light on these issues by collecting and publishing detailed information on government support to fisheries at the country-level; analysing the conditions under which support is granted; highlighting the risk that different types of government support might encourage unsustainable fishing in the absence of effective fisheries management and enforcement; and investigating best practices to cut access to government support in cases of IUU fishing determinations.

Based on the 2025 (forthcoming) and 2022 editions of the Review of Fisheries, and the forthcoming update of the OECD Fisheries Support Estimate database (first quarter of 2025), it is proposed to provide input into sessions T6-3 and/or T6-5 by shedding light on:

• How to eliminate government support to IUU fishing by using eligibility criteria and appropriate processes to exclude from support potential recipients linked to IUU fishing and fishing-related activities?
• How to minimize the risk of inadvertently encouraging unsustainable fishing practices with the use of government support, by allocating public funding to policies that unambiguously support the sector’s sustainability (e.g. investments in stock assessment, management and monitoring control and surveillance) and targeting other types of support to fisheries that are well-managed?
• How could further transparency help fight IUU fishing and better support the fishing sector?

References :

OECD (2022), OECD Review of Fisheries 2022, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9c3ad238-en.

Delpeuch, C., E. Migliaccio and W. Symes (2022), "Eliminating government support to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing", OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 178, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/f09ab3a0-en.

OECD (forthcoming), OECD Review of Fisheries 2025, OECD Publishing, Paris.

How to cite: Delpeuch, C., Symes, W., and Rivera Orjuela, L.: Eliminating government support to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and avoiding the risk of encouraging unsustainable fishing with government support, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-639, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-639, 2025.

Traditionally viewed as a simple administrative tool for fisheries control, the fisheries declaration holds much greater potential when reimagined as a central mechanism for ecosystem-based and participative fisheries governance. This contribution proposes a “shift in perspective” by positioning the fisheries declaration as a lever for dialogue, resilience, and combating IUU fishing, grounded in resources, ecosystems, and local knowledge.

By integrating fisheries and ocean sciences with Indigenous knowledge, the fisheries declaration becomes an essential tool for knowledge-sharing, transparency, and fostering local actors’ acceptance of regulations. It goes beyond its traditional role to support in-depth understanding of ecosystem dynamics and enable adaptive projections in response to environmental changes. This new paradigm empowers fishers as active contributors to sustainable management, engaging them in data collection and ecosystem governance.

Through initiatives such as Planète Mer’s PELA-Méd program in the Mediterranean, Indigenous fishing practices in Polynesia, ICCAT’s e-BCD tool for tracking bluefin tuna, and the deployment of VISIOCaptures for vessels under 12 meters in metropolitan France and overseas territories, this approach demonstrates how fisheries declarations can create a space for dialogue and anticipation. Facilitating exchanges between scientists, managers, and fishers, the fisheries declaration enhances data quality, strengthens actor engagement, and bolsters ecosystem resilience, while contributing to the fight against IUU fishing.

This contribution advocates for a transition toward a territorialized and sustainable fisheries management aligned with international sustainability goals. By placing the fisheries declaration at the heart of this forward-looking governance, we propose a new vision, grounded in field practice and supported by solid legal expertise, capable of addressing contemporary challenges in fishing and marine conservation.

How to cite: Lelong, S., Debas, L., and Lepetit, A.: Rethinking fisheries declarations: A tool for integrative ecosystem-based fisheries governance, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-680, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-680, 2025.

Given the array of concerns about bottom trawling – and the many attempts to provide reassurance about its sustainability – it is surprising and worrying how little we know about the effects of these fisheries on ocean spaces and species. Our study uncovers critical gaps in our understanding of the global impact of bottom trawling on marine ecosystems, highlighting the challenges these knowledge deficiencies pose for effective environmental, social, and economic management. Our extensive literature survey reveals significant skews in global understanding of the ecological impacts of bottom trawling, in four respects. First, just 164 of the 4000 bottom trawling related papers and reports we screened focused on the gears’ ecological impacts (~4%). Second, relevant assessments have been biased toward the global north (90% of studies), especially the North Atlantic Ocean (48%) and the Mediterranean (21%), despite the majority of BT pressure occurring in the global south. Third, most papers focused on impacts to marine organisms (85%) rather than habitats (30%), with some overlap. Fourth, invertebrates (particularly epifauna) received more attention than vertebrates (56 and 38%, respectively), whereas studies of habitats were more evenly distributed across biogenic and non-biogenic substrates. In all primary research that we surveyed, under one-third of the studies explored impacts of bottom trawling on fish. However, our deep dive into FAO reports (n=2852 studies reviewed and 200 retained), complemented by primary literature (n=36 papers) for data-deficient regions, has so far documented at least 3053 fish species caught by bottom trawlers in national waters (four times previous estimates), spanning 1050 genera, 313 families, 72 orders, and 5 classes. The real number will be greater, as studies predominantly documented medium to large-bodied species (mean max length = 68 ± 3 cm), some studies mentioned unrecorded species, and key bottom trawling regions were underrepresented in FAO reports. About one-tenth of species caught by bottom trawls are assessed as threatened on the IUCN Red List, and 51% as Least Concern. However, 38% were Data Deficient or had not yet been assessed. Our research underscores the pressing need to address the limitations and imbalances in our understanding of the ecological impacts of bottom trawls. These biases and gaps in our understanding means we are allowing bottom trawling without adequate information on the challenges it is posing – placing the burden of proof on ocean ecosystems and ocean dependent people. We advocate for a more representative – and thus holistic – analysis of bottom trawling that encompasses a wider range of regions and taxa. Full understanding is vital to determining the role of bottom trawling in a sustainable ocean future. After all, we cannot manage what we do not know.

How to cite: Foster, S., De Capitani, J., Ascione, S., Boyd, I., and Vincent, A.: What Do We Really Know About The Ecological Impacts Of Bottom Trawling? , One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-868, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-868, 2025.

Transparency in the global fishing fleet has dramatically increased over the past decade due to the expansion of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) and public Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). Since 2012, the number of vessels tracked has grown more than fivefold, from approximately 20,000 to over 110,000 in 2024 (>100,000 on AIS and ~10,000 on VMS), now covering more than a quarter of the world’s fishing fleet over 12 meters in length. This increase has driven advancements in marine science, supported policies by regional fisheries management organizations, and strengthened enforcement within marine protected areas.

Using satellite radar and optical imagery, we provide region-specific estimates of the fraction of industrial fishing vessels publicly tracked, finding that while developed countries lead in use of AIS, developing regions show the fastest growth. This growth is primarily due to an increased fraction of vessels installing tracking devices, not a rise in total fishing activity. Our analysis also shows no evidence of widespread increased AIS disabling despite concerns that using AIS for monitoring may incentivize fishers to disable their devices. 

Some of the increase in public vessel tracking is driven by proactive voluntary adoption of AIS by fishers, demonstrating the intrinsic value they see in it. However, the majority of increase in AIS use has been a result of national policies mandating or encouraging its use. These policies will be critical to the impact of public tracking in the next decade. Public tracking, if supported by the right policies, enables science and can complement sovereign monitoring systems, especially in international and remote waters. To strengthen transparency in ocean governance, we recommend that countries establish or reinforce AIS regulations, expand public tracking availability while safeguarding privacy, and integrate AIS and VMS data into marine resource management strategies.

How to cite: Kroodsma, D., Bantock, L., Park, J., and Hughes, A.: Public vessel tracking in global fisheries: growth, impact, and potential, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-927, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-927, 2025.

Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing poses a persistent problem to many countries, leading to the overexploitation of fishery resources and severe impacts on marine ecosystems. In Cameroon, the lack of transparency exacerbates the impacts of IUU fishing on food security, local livelihoods, and economic stability. 

In February 2021, Cameroon was found notorious for issuing Flag of Convenience (FOC) which led to the issuance of a pre-identification notification “yellow card” by the European Commission (EC). Other loopholes identified included an obsolete legal framework, a weak monitoring and control system, lack of a fishery management plan and insufficient collaboration between administrations. 

This problem prompted the implementation of the project “Stop IUU fishing in Cameroon” by the African Marine Mammal Conservation Organization (AMMCO) in collaboration with the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) and the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF). The objectives of this project entails revising Cameroon’s fishery legal framework to meet higher transparency standards, reinforcing the capacity to monitor and control fishing activities and elaborating a fishery management plan. 

Following the “yellow card” notification, Cameroon received a sanction “red card” in January 2023 because of its continuous issuance of FOC. Certain results have been achieved by the project partners to remediate the situation. 

To begin with Cameroon’s legal and regulatory framework has been revised to meet international standards. The fishery draft includes principles of international conventions such as the Port State Measure Agreement (PSMA). The country’s fishing license lists have been published on the FAO Global record and on MINEPIA’s website to increase transparency not only at a national level but globally. Journalists have been trained on how to report on IUU fishing and its cumulative impacts with numerous articles published. 

In addition, State actors’ capacity have been built on governance measures and satellite tracking of fishing vessels to enhance public sharing and access to fisheries data. 

More so, advocacy actions have been carried out with high level diplomatic authorities in Cameroon. 

Notwithstanding, the results obtained shall be reinforced through actions such as carrying out advocacy actions for higher fisheries transparency and governance standards as well as the swift adoption and implementation of the draft fishery law. Given that the country does not have a fishery management plan, workshops will be organized with stakeholders involved in fishery management to elaborate one. Actors in charge of MCS of fishing activities will be trained on navigation and safety to foster a robust MCS system. Debates will be organized to better communicate on effective conservation measures. Emphasis will equally be laid on raising awareness on ocean and fisheries issues and continuous creation of synergies with local communities, the government and international organization to foster collaborative efforts for the sustainable management of the fishery sector. 

Enhancing transparency of Cameroon’s fishery sector will lead to a better management and traceability of its fisheries resources, protection of its marine biodiversity and improvement of the livelihoods of coastal communities. 

How to cite: Takoukam Kamla, A., Njeuyap Mbotiji, N., and Nigon, M.: Cameroon's involvement in improving transparency of it's fisheries sector, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1007, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1007, 2025.

Detailed data on fishing gear, species caught, and target species are essential to assess fisheries' environmental impacts and operational patterns. Yet, obtaining such data remains challenging, particularly within multi-gear fishing fleets where vessels employ diverse methods to capture numerous species throughout the year.

The Portuguese coastal multi-gear fleet, consisting of around 500 vessels (ranging from 9 to 35 meters), exemplifies this complexity. Only about one-third of these vessels use electronic logbooks, recording catch data, type of gear used, and fishing locations. This gap leaves many trips without comprehensive data, making it difficult to fully quantify fishing efforts and their impacts at the national level. Certain gear types, such as gillnets and trammel nets, are notably non-selective, leading to bycatch of various species, while others, like longlines, are more targeted but still subject to overexploitation.

Monitoring data collected during fishing operations is essential to track and mitigate harmful practices. Previous studies that modeled gear usage based on sales data have not been successful in the estimation of métier-specific fishing effort—defined as the effort related to fishing activities targeting similar species using similar gear within a specific season or region—limiting the development of strategies to address overfishing.

The increased availability of large datasets has opened new possibilities for classifying and predicting fishing patterns. Through a custom analytical routine, this study leveraged sales notes and electronic logbook data to identify potential métiers within the Portuguese multi-gear fleet. To capture seasonal and regional variations, the findings were validated using a multi-faceted approach, including fishers’ interviews, consultations with fisheries scientists, and onboard observations. By strengthening our knowledge of métier-specific fishing efforts and their environmental consequences, this approach supports better management practices and policies combating overexploitation, promoting sustainable fisheries management in the long term.

How to cite: Leitão, P., Campos, A., and Castro, M.: Predicting métier used in a multi-gear coastal fleet, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1096, 2025.

In this paper, we study the extent to which Very Large Marine Protected Areas (VLMPAs) have been successful at deterring fishing effort. The last decade has witnessed a considerable increase in the designation of VLMPAs, Marine Protected Areas spanning at least 100,000 km-squared. On paper, these protected areas offer conservation benefits not seen in smaller ones. Yet, their large sizes may constitute a challenge for enforcement. Using on satellite-based data that tracks vessel fishing hours, we find evidence that VLMPAs have, on average, been able to deter fishing effort, although a case-by-case analysis reveals varying levels of success. To better understand the nature of possible illegal fishing in these VLMPAs, we investigate the characteristics of the vessels infringing on the fishing bans in these VLMPAs and find that most of the infractions can be traced back to a few industrialized countries.

How to cite: Biardeau, L., Zilberman, D., and Kannell, D.: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Very Large Marine Protected Areas at Deterring Fishing Effort, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-409, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-409, 2025.

Lyidia Kapapa^1,2* Paul Onyango¹, Philip Bwanthondi¹ and Prosper Mfilinge¹

¹School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology (SoAF) BOX  35064 University of  Dar es Salaam- The united Republic of Tanzania
²Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI) BOX 78850 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Corresponding Author*: lyidiakapapa@gmail.com ; lyidiakapapa@tafiri.go.tz

It is generally accepted that there is a crisis with future global food security due to the world population growth, the increasing demand for fish protein, and the fact that many of the world’s fish stocks are presently depleted. Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is also rising at an alarming rate with biological and economic consequences. Along the coast of Tanzania, demands for fishery resources have been increasing due to population and tourism development; this has led to an increase in fishing pressure and the use of destructive gear and techniques. The present study examines factors influencing the persistence of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulating fishing along the coast of Tanzania. Only 3 beach management units (BMUs) (Kilindoni, Kipumbwi, and Kilwa Kivinje) were sampled. Data collection methods involved a questionnaire-based survey of 414 respondents interviewed. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions, direct observations, and secondary data using BMU records. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations using SPSS Version 23. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data obtained from focus group discussions and Key informant interviews. The present study showed that economic gain is among the driving factors of the persistence of illegal fishing, lack of alternative sources of income, and more than 93.1% of respondents lacking alternative livelihood activities. Types of IUU fishing reported in the study area were beach seine, use of small mesh-sized nets, and avoiding taxes/ unlicensed fishers. Such as, in the Kipumbwi site year 2018, unlicensed fishers were about (203), and licensed fishers were (113). Challenges in combating illegal fishing reported include inadequate funding mechanisms to facilitate BMU activities, it was not easy to acquire information on IUU fishing, lack of equipment (patrol boats), and the lack of incentives, thus discouraging key players such as BMU leaders from engaging fully in dealing with IUU fishing. There is a need for primary support, including availing sustainable funding mechanisms to support BMU, strengthen law enforcement, provide incentives, and purchase patrol boats.

Keywords: Beachmanagement units; Illegal Unreported and Unregulated fishing; Fishers community, Small pelagic fishery.

How to cite: Kapapa, L. and the Lyidia Selis Kapapa: Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Persistence of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing among the Small Pelagic Fishery along the Coast of Tanzania, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-838, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-838, 2025.