Target 18 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework includes eliminating, phasing out, and reforming subsidies harmful to biodiversity by 2030. The WTO’s Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies will likely enter into force soon and will be an important regulatory addition to operationalizing this target. The WTO Agreement was adopted in 2022 to tackle harmful fisheries subsidies, including those subsidies that go to illegal, unreported, or unregulated (IUU) fishing, the fishing of overfished stocks, and fishing in the unregulated high seas. As of August 2025 it only needs three more ratifications to enter into force. Meanwhile, negotiations are ongoing to create new rules to curb the subsidies that contribute to overfishing and overcapacity more broadly. This session will detail the importance of the WTO Agreement to biodiversity and what next steps the world can take to ensure the Agreement is implemented and finalized, especially in the lead up to the WTO’s Ministerial Conference in March 2026. (Potential conveners could include the International Institute for Sustainble Development, and the Stop Funding Overfishing Coalition)