A thermo-poroelastic finite element analysis of fluid injection depending on fluid temperature and injection scenarios

Subsurface fluid injection of environmental (e.g., carbon capture storage) and industrial (e.g., enhanced geothermal system) projects change pore pressure and underground stress which may induce fault slip. The temperature of injected fluid controls pore pressure and underground stress by thermo-poroelastic effect of fluid injection, that explains the interaction between pore fluid flow and elastic deformation in a porous medium. Since the perturbed subsurface stress distribution increases seismic uncertainty, a numerical modeling for varying injection conditions (e.g., injection scenario and fluid temperature) is helpful for understanding thermo-poroelastic behavior before the fluid injection. In this study, we build 2-dimensional finite element fluid injection models that simulate thermo-poromechanical processes using a COMSOL Multiphysics^®. The thermal equation (Fourier’s Law) is coupled with the poroelastic theory to investigate the role of thermohydraulic-convection and -stress in a porous medium. We confirm that these injection conditions may change pore pressure, subsurface stress, and surface displacement, which supports the necessity of monitoring during/after fluid injection.